Structured Lists Directory

INI

Biodiversity Indicators - INI

Biodiversity indicators are a set of metrics used to quantitatively assess ecosystem health, species extinction risk, and the capacity to provide ecosystem services. Various types of indicators, including biodiversity indices, Red List indices, and ecosystem service indicators, have been developed and operated by international organizations and national governments. These indicators are widely used for monitoring biodiversity conservation progress, policy development, and corporate nature-related risk assessment.

biodiversity ecology environmental indicators Red List endangered species ecosystem services IUCN CBD SDGs 
[item.shannon-wiener-index]
code=BDI-001
slug=shannon-wiener-index
name=Shannon-Wiener Index
description=A diversity index based on the entropy concept from information theory.
category=Diversity Index
formula=H' = -Σ(pi × ln(pi))
range_max=
range_min=0
range_unit=bit

[item.simpson-index]
code=BDI-002
slug=simpson-index
name=Simpson's Diversity Index
description=An index representing the probability that two randomly selected individuals belong to different species.
category=Diversity Index
formula=D = 1 - Σ(pi²)
range_max=1
range_min=0
range_unit=probability

[item.pielou-evenness-index]
code=BDI-003
slug=pielou-evenness-index
name=Pielou's Evenness Index
description=An index measuring the evenness of species distribution.
category=Evenness Index
formula=J' = H' / ln(S)
range_max=1
range_min=0
range_unit=ratio

[item.margalef-richness-index]
code=BDI-004
slug=margalef-richness-index
name=Margalef's Richness Index
description=An index evaluating species richness.
category=Richness Index
formula=R = (S - 1) / ln(N)
range_max=
range_min=0
range_unit=dimensionless

[item.red-list-index]
code=BDI-005
slug=red-list-index
name=Red List Index (RLI)
description=An index measuring changes in species extinction risk based on the IUCN Red List.
category=Extinction Risk Indicator
formula=Weighted sum of species in each category
range_max=1
range_min=0
range_unit=index

[item.living-planet-index]
code=BDI-006
slug=living-planet-index
name=Living Planet Index (LPI)
description=An index tracking changes in vertebrate population sizes.
category=Biodiversity Trend Indicator
formula=Geometric mean of population trends
range_max=
range_min=0
range_unit=index

[item.biodiversity-intactness-index]
code=BDI-007
slug=biodiversity-intactness-index
name=Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII)
description=An index showing the proportion of species remaining compared to a natural state.
category=Ecosystem Integrity Indicator
formula=(Abundance of all species / Expected abundance) × 100
range_max=100
range_min=0
range_unit=percent

[item.mean-species-abundance]
code=BDI-008
slug=mean-species-abundance
name=Mean Species Abundance (MSA)
description=An index showing species abundance per unit area compared to a pristine state.
category=Ecosystem Integrity Indicator
formula=MSA = Observed abundance / Pristine abundance
range_max=1
range_min=0
range_unit=ratio

[item.marine-trophic-index]
code=BDI-009
slug=marine-trophic-index
name=Marine Trophic Index (MTI)
description=An index showing the average trophic level of fish species based on catch data.
category=Marine Ecosystem Indicator
formula=Weighted average of trophic levels
range_max=5
range_min=2
range_unit=trophic level

[item.star-metric]
code=BDI-010
slug=star-metric
name=STAR Metric
description=A metric quantifying how conservation actions in a specific area could contribute to reducing global extinction risk.
category=Conservation Effectiveness Indicator
formula=Weighted sum of species extinction risk reduction potential
range_max=
range_min=0
range_unit=dimensionless

[item.chao1-estimator]
code=BDI-011
slug=chao1-estimator
name=Chao1 Estimator
description=An estimator calculating the estimated total species count including unobserved species.
category=Species Richness Estimator
formula=S_obs + (a₁(a₁-1))/(2(a₂+1))
range_max=
range_min=0
range_unit=species count

[item.protected-area-coverage]
code=BDI-012
slug=protected-area-coverage
name=Protected Area Coverage
description=An indicator showing the proportion of protected areas relative to total land or marine area.
category=Conservation Status Indicator
formula=(Protected area / Total area) × 100
range_max=100
range_min=0
range_unit=percent

[item.key-biodiversity-areas]
code=BDI-013
slug=key-biodiversity-areas
name=Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)
description=An indicator identifying sites of critical importance for global biodiversity persistence.
category=Conservation Priority Area Indicator
formula=Site-based assessment against KBA criteria
range_max=
range_min=
range_unit=site count

[item.ecosystem-services-indicators]
code=BDI-014
slug=ecosystem-services-indicators
name=Ecosystem Services Indicators
description=A set of indicators evaluating the quantity and quality of services provided by ecosystems.
category=Ecosystem Services Indicator
formula=Various metrics depending on service type
range_max=
range_min=
range_unit=varies

[item.red-list-categories]
code=BDI-015
slug=red-list-categories
name=Red List Categories
description=Nine categories defined by IUCN for classifying species extinction risk.
category=Extinction Risk Classification
formula=Assessment against IUCN Red List criteria
range_max=
range_min=
range_unit=categorical