INI
Types of Bonds - INI
Bonds are securities issued by governments, local governments, and corporations to raise funds. Classification by issuer includes government bonds (JGBs) issued by the national government, municipal bonds by local governments, corporate bonds by companies, and bank bonds by financial institutions. Additional classifications include coupon bonds vs. discount bonds by interest payment method, and domestic vs. foreign bonds by issuance region. Generally, government bonds offer the highest safety, while yields vary according to risk. As of 2026, Japan's bond market offers attractive investment opportunities, with municipal bond yields exceeding 2% in a rising interest rate environment.
bonds
government bonds
corporate bonds
municipal bonds
agency bonds
investment
fixed income
interest rates
financial investment
[item.government-bonds]
code=GOV
slug=government-bonds
name=Government Bonds
description=Bonds issued by the national government, offering the highest creditability and serving as the benchmark for the bond market.
category=Public Bonds
riskLevel=lowest
typicalYield=0.5-2.5%
[item.municipal-bonds]
code=MUN
slug=municipal-bonds
name=Municipal Bonds
description=Bonds issued by local governments such as prefectures and municipalities.
category=Public Bonds
riskLevel=low
typicalYield=1.5-3.0%
[item.corporate-bonds]
code=COR
slug=corporate-bonds
name=Corporate Bonds
description=Bonds issued by private companies to raise funds for business operations.
category=Private Bonds
riskLevel=medium
typicalYield=1.0-5.0%
[item.financial-bonds]
code=FIN
slug=financial-bonds
name=Bank Bonds
description=Bonds issued by specific financial institutions based on special legislation.
category=Private Bonds
riskLevel=low-medium
typicalYield=0.8-2.5%
[item.agency-bonds]
code=AGY
slug=agency-bonds
name=Government Agency Bonds
description=Bonds issued by government-related agencies with government guarantees on principal and interest.
category=Public Bonds
riskLevel=very-low
typicalYield=0.6-2.0%
[item.foreign-bonds]
code=FOR
slug=foreign-bonds
name=Foreign Bonds
description=Bonds issued by foreign entities or denominated in foreign currencies.
category=International Bonds
riskLevel=medium-high
typicalYield=1.0-8.0%
[item.international-agency-bonds]
code=INT
slug=international-agency-bonds
name=International Organization Bonds
description=Bonds issued by international organizations such as the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.
category=International Bonds
riskLevel=very-low
typicalYield=0.8-2.5%
[item.zero-coupon-bonds]
code=ZER
slug=zero-coupon-bonds
name=Zero-Coupon Bonds
description=Bonds that pay no periodic interest, with the face value paid at maturity.
category=Interest Type
riskLevel=varies
typicalYield=implied