INI
Calendar Systems - INI
Calendar systems are frameworks for measuring time and determining dates. There are three main types: solar, lunar, and lunisolar calendars, each using different astronomical phenomena as reference points. Various calendar systems exist rooted in different cultures and religions worldwide, such as the Gregorian, Julian, Hijri, and Chinese calendars, and they continue to be widely used in daily life, religious observances, and agricultural activities.
calendar
solar calendar
lunar calendar
lunisolar calendar
Gregorian calendar
Julian calendar
Islamic calendar
astronomy
[item.gregorian-calendar]
code=01
slug=gregorian-calendar
name=Gregorian Calendar
description=The current international standard solar calendar.
introduced=1582
leapYearRule=Divisible by 4, except century years not divisible by 400
origin=Europe
type=Solar Calendar
yearLength=365.2425
[item.julian-calendar]
code=02
slug=julian-calendar
name=Julian Calendar
description=A solar calendar established in ancient Rome.
introduced=46 BCE
leapYearRule=Every 4 years
origin=Rome
type=Solar Calendar
yearLength=365.25
[item.islamic-calendar]
code=03
slug=islamic-calendar
name=Hijri Calendar (Islamic Calendar)
description=A pure lunar calendar used for Islamic religious observances.
introduced=639 CE
leapYearRule=None (30-year cycle with 11 leap days)
origin=Arabia
type=Lunar Calendar
yearLength=354.37
[item.chinese-calendar]
code=04
slug=chinese-calendar
name=Chinese Calendar (Lunisolar)
description=A lunisolar calendar combining moon phases and solar movements.
introduced=Ancient
leapYearRule=Leap month inserted 7 times per 19 years
origin=China
type=Lunisolar Calendar
yearLength=354
[item.hebrew-calendar]
code=05
slug=hebrew-calendar
name=Hebrew Calendar
description=A lunisolar calendar used in Judaism.
introduced=Ancient
leapYearRule=7 leap months per 19 years
origin=Middle East
type=Lunisolar Calendar
yearLength=354
[item.persian-calendar]
code=06
slug=persian-calendar
name=Persian Calendar (Iranian Calendar)
description=One of the most accurate solar calendars in the world.
introduced=1925 (modern version)
leapYearRule=Complex 33-year cycle
origin=Persia (Iran)
type=Solar Calendar
yearLength=365.242198
[item.hindu-calendar]
code=07
slug=hindu-calendar
name=Hindu Calendar
description=A lunisolar calendar used in India with regional variations.
introduced=Ancient
leapYearRule=Regional variations
origin=India
type=Lunisolar Calendar
yearLength=354
[item.ethiopian-calendar]
code=08
slug=ethiopian-calendar
name=Ethiopian Calendar
description=A solar calendar used in Ethiopia, approximately 7-8 years behind the Gregorian calendar.
introduced=Ancient
leapYearRule=Every 4 years
origin=Ethiopia
type=Solar Calendar
yearLength=365.25