TSV
Types of Court Cases in Japan - TSV
The Japanese court system is fundamentally based on three major types of litigation: civil proceedings to resolve disputes over rights and obligations between individuals and corporations, criminal proceedings to determine guilt or innocence of criminal acts, and administrative proceedings to review complaints against administrative actions by national or local governments. Each follows distinct procedures and trial methods based on the Code of Civil Procedure, Code of Criminal Procedure, and Administrative Case Litigation Act. This classification system, including court types and the three-instance trial system, is essential for understanding Japan's judicial system.
court
civil litigation
criminal litigation
administrative litigation
judicial system
legal procedure
court system
code slug name description category governingLaw parentCode
CIV civil-litigation Civil Litigation Proceedings to resolve disputes over rights and obligations between individuals and corporations. Civil Cases Code of Civil Procedure
CIV-ORD ordinary-civil-proceedings Ordinary Civil Proceedings The standard form of civil litigation for general property-related disputes. Types of Civil Litigation CIV
CIV-BILL bill-and-note-action Bill and Note Action Special expedited proceedings for claims on bills and checks. Types of Civil Litigation CIV
CIV-SML small-claims-proceedings Small Claims Proceedings Simplified proceedings for monetary claims up to 600,000 yen, usually completed in one hearing. Types of Civil Litigation CIV
CIV-FAM family-proceedings Family Proceedings Proceedings for family-related disputes such as divorce, annulment of marriage, and acknowledgment of children. Types of Civil Litigation CIV
CRIM criminal-litigation Criminal Litigation Proceedings to determine guilt, innocence, and sentencing for criminal acts. Criminal Cases Code of Criminal Procedure
CRIM-FORMAL formal-trial Formal Trial The standard form of criminal trial with evidence examination and arguments in open court. Types of Criminal Litigation CRIM
CRIM-SUMM summary-proceedings Summary Proceedings Written-only proceedings for minor cases punishable by fines up to 1 million yen. Types of Criminal Litigation CRIM
CRIM-SIMPLE simplified-trial-procedure Simplified Trial Procedure Simplified evidence examination for cases where the defendant admits to the charged facts. Types of Criminal Litigation CRIM
ADMIN administrative-litigation Administrative Litigation Proceedings to review complaints against administrative actions by national or local governments. Administrative Cases Administrative Case Litigation Act
ADMIN-OBJ objection-proceedings Objection Proceedings Subjective proceedings to challenge the exercise of administrative authority. Types of Administrative Litigation ADMIN
ADMIN-REV revocation-action Revocation Action The most important objection proceeding seeking revocation of administrative dispositions or decisions. Types of Objection Proceedings ADMIN-OBJ
ADMIN-PARTY party-proceedings Party Proceedings Proceedings between parties contesting legal relationships under public law. Types of Administrative Litigation ADMIN
ADMIN-POP popular-action Popular Action Objective proceedings where voters contest the validity of elections. Types of Administrative Litigation ADMIN
ADMIN-INST institutional-proceedings Institutional Proceedings Objective proceedings to resolve jurisdictional disputes between government organs. Types of Administrative Litigation ADMIN