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Endocrine System Organs - HTML
Endocrine system organs regulate essential life functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and stress response by secreting hormones. Major organs include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands, and pineal gland, which form complex hormonal feedback loops receiving commands from the hypothalamus.
endocrine system
hormones
physiology
human anatomy
medicine
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<thead><tr><th>code</th><th>slug</th><th>name</th><th>description</th><th>hormones</th><th>location</th></tr></thead>
<tbody><tr><td>01</td><td>pituitary-gland</td><td>Pituitary Gland</td><td>Called the 'master gland,' it regulates the function of other endocrine glands and is located at the base of the brain.</td><td>[{"name":"Growth Hormone (GH)","function":"Promotes growth and cell regeneration"},{"name":"Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)","function":"Stimulates thyroid hormone production"},{"name":"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)","function":"Stimulates adrenal cortex hormone production"},{"name":"Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)","function":"Regulates reproductive function"},{"name":"Luteinizing Hormone (LH)","function":"Regulates ovulation and sex hormone secretion"},{"name":"Prolactin","function":"Promotes milk production"},{"name":"Oxytocin","function":"Uterine contractions and milk ejection"},{"name":"Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)","function":"Water reabsorption and blood pressure regulation"}]</td><td>Base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus</td></tr>
<tr><td>02</td><td>thyroid-gland</td><td>Thyroid Gland</td><td>A butterfly-shaped endocrine gland in the neck that regulates metabolism.</td><td>[{"name":"Thyroxine (T4)","function":"Regulates metabolism and energy production"},{"name":"Triiodothyronine (T3)","function":"Metabolic activation, temperature and heart rate regulation"},{"name":"Calcitonin","function":"Lowers blood calcium, promotes calcium uptake into bones"}]</td><td>Front of the neck, on the trachea (C5-T1 level)</td></tr>
<tr><td>03</td><td>parathyroid-glands</td><td>Parathyroid Glands</td><td>Four small glands on the back of the thyroid gland that regulate blood calcium levels.</td><td>[{"name":"Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)","function":"Raises blood calcium, regulates calcium metabolism in bones, kidneys, and intestines"}]</td><td>Behind the thyroid gland (usually four glands)</td></tr>
<tr><td>04</td><td>adrenal-glands</td><td>Adrenal Glands</td><td>Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys, involved in stress response and metabolism regulation.</td><td>[{"name":"Cortisol","function":"Glucose metabolism regulation, anti-inflammatory, stress response"},{"name":"Aldosterone","function":"Sodium-potassium balance and blood pressure regulation"},{"name":"Epinephrine (Adrenaline)","function":"Fight-or-flight response, increases heart rate and blood pressure"},{"name":"Norepinephrine","function":"Blood pressure elevation, arousal effect"},{"name":"Dehydroepiandrosterone","function":"Precursor to sex hormones"}]</td><td>On top of each kidney</td></tr>
<tr><td>05</td><td>pancreas</td><td>Pancreas</td><td>An organ located behind the stomach with both exocrine and endocrine functions.</td><td>[{"name":"Insulin","function":"Lowers blood glucose, promotes glucose uptake into cells"},{"name":"Glucagon","function":"Raises blood glucose, promotes glycogen breakdown in liver"},{"name":"Somatostatin","function":"Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion, regulates digestive function"}]</td><td>Abdomen, behind the stomach</td></tr>
<tr><td>06</td><td>pineal-gland</td><td>Pineal Gland</td><td>A small gland deep in the brain that regulates sleep-wake cycles.</td><td>[{"name":"Melatonin","function":"Regulates sleep-wake cycle and reproductive function"}]</td><td>Deep within the brain, behind the thalamus, beneath the corpus callosum</td></tr>
<tr><td>07</td><td>hypothalamus</td><td>Hypothalamus</td><td>Located deep in the brain, it serves as the command center linking the endocrine and nervous systems.</td><td>[{"name":"Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)","function":"Promotes ACTH secretion, regulates stress response"},{"name":"Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)","function":"Promotes FSH and LH secretion, regulates reproductive function"},{"name":"Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)","function":"Promotes TSH and prolactin secretion"},{"name":"Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)","function":"Promotes GH secretion"},{"name":"Somatostatin","function":"Inhibits GH and TSH secretion"}]</td><td>Deep within the brain, below the thalamus, above the pituitary gland</td></tr>
<tr><td>08</td><td>thymus</td><td>Thymus</td><td>An immune-related endocrine organ in the chest that promotes T-lymphocyte maturation.</td><td>[{"name":"Thymosin","function":"Promotes T-lymphocyte maturation and immune function"},{"name":"Thymopoietin","function":"Promotes T-cell differentiation"}]</td><td>Behind the sternum, within the chest cavity</td></tr>
<tr><td>09</td><td>gonads</td><td>Gonads</td><td>Organs (ovaries in females, testes in males) that secrete sex hormones.</td><td>[{"name":"Estrogen","function":"Female secondary characteristics, menstrual cycle, bone density maintenance"},{"name":"Progesterone","function":"Pregnancy maintenance, endometrial preparation"},{"name":"Testosterone","function":"Sperm production, male secondary characteristics, muscle mass maintenance"}]</td><td>Ovaries: Pelvic cavity, on both sides of uterus / Testes: Within the scrotum</td></tr></tbody>
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