CSV
Geological Time Periods - CSV
Geological time periods systematically classify Earth's approximately 4.6 billion year history according to the International Chronostratigraphic Chart established by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). It is divided into four major divisions: the Precambrian (Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic) and the Phanerozoic (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic). Each geological period is distinguished based on geological evidence including biological evolution, continental drift, and climate change, forming the foundation for scientific research and education.
geology
geological time
chronostratigraphy
Earth history
paleontology
Precambrian
Phanerozoic
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
code,slug,name,description,category,durationMa,endMa,startMa
EON-1,precambrian,Precambrian,"The period from Earth's formation to approximately 541 million years ago, comprising about 88% of Earth's history.",Supereon,4059,541,4600
EON-1-1,hadean,Hadean,From Earth's formation to approximately 4.0 billion years ago. No evidence of life.,Eon,600,4000,4600
EON-1-2,archean,Archean,Approximately 4.0 to 2.5 billion years ago. Evidence of the oldest life appears.,Eon,1500,2500,4000
EON-1-3,proterozoic,Proterozoic,Approximately 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago. Appearance of eukaryotes and oxygen increase.,Eon,1959,541,2500
EON-2,phanerozoic,Phanerozoic,From approximately 541 million years ago to present. Era of multicellular life proliferation.,Eon,541,0,541
ERA-1,paleozoic,Paleozoic,Approximately 541 to 252 million years ago. 'Ancient life era.',Era,289,252,541
PER-1-1,cambrian,Cambrian,Approximately 541 to 485 million years ago. The Cambrian explosion occurred.,Period,56,485,541
PER-1-2,ordovician,Ordovician,Approximately 485 to 444 million years ago. Marine invertebrates flourished.,Period,41,444,485
PER-1-3,silurian,Silurian,Approximately 444 to 419 million years ago. Life began colonizing land.,Period,25,419,444
PER-1-4,devonian,Devonian,Approximately 419 to 359 million years ago. 'Age of Fishes.',Period,60,359,419
PER-1-5,carboniferous,Carboniferous,Approximately 359 to 299 million years ago. Large forests and coal deposits formed.,Period,60,299,359
PER-1-6,permian,Permian,Approximately 299 to 252 million years ago. Continents united and a great extinction occurred.,Period,47,252,299
ERA-2,mesozoic,Mesozoic,Approximately 252 to 66 million years ago. 'Age of Reptiles.',Era,186,66,252
PER-2-1,triassic,Triassic,Approximately 252 to 201 million years ago. Dinosaurs and mammals appeared.,Period,51,201,252
PER-2-2,jurassic,Jurassic,Approximately 201 to 145 million years ago. The golden age of dinosaurs.,Period,56,145,201
PER-2-3,cretaceous,Cretaceous,Approximately 145 to 66 million years ago. Flowering plants and dinosaur extinction.,Period,79,66,145
ERA-3,cenozoic,Cenozoic,Approximately 66 million years ago to present. 'Age of Mammals.',Era,66,0,66
PER-3-1,paleogene,Paleogene,Approximately 66 to 23 million years ago. Adaptive radiation of mammals.,Period,43,23,66
PER-3-2,neogene,Neogene,Approximately 23 to 2.58 million years ago. Expansion of grasslands and ape evolution.,Period,20.42,2.58,23
PER-3-3,quaternary,Quaternary,Approximately 2.58 million years ago to present. Ice ages and human evolution.,Period,2.58,0,2.58