Structured Lists Directory

TOML

Historical Figures of the World - TOML

This list categorizes historical figures who have had the most significant impact on world history by their respective fields. Based on M.H. Hart's 'The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History' and various great person rankings, major figures have been selected from diverse fields including politicians and leaders, military leaders, scientists and inventors, artists and writers, thinkers and philosophers, and religious figures. These individuals have had a decisive influence on human history through the formation of political systems, development of science and technology, creation of culture and arts, and the spread of ideas and religions.

world history great figures history biography ranking politicians scientists artists thinkers 
[[items]]
code = "001"
slug = "confucius"
name = "Confucius"
description = "Founder of Confucianism. Taught benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faithfulness as c..."
birthYear = "紀元前551年"
category = "Philosopher"
deathYear = "紀元前479年"
nationality = "China"

[[items]]
code = "002"
slug = "alexander-the-great"
name = "Alexander the Great"
description = "King of Macedon. Achieved world conquest at the youngest age in history, becoming the harbinger of t..."
birthYear = "紀元前356年"
category = "Politician/Military Leader"
deathYear = "紀元前323年"
nationality = "Macedonia"

[[items]]
code = "003"
slug = "aristotle"
name = "Aristotle"
description = "Founded the Lyceum and laid the foundation of Western thought. Made achievements in diverse fields i..."
birthYear = "紀元前384年"
category = "Philosopher/Scientist"
deathYear = "紀元前322年"
nationality = "Greece"

[[items]]
code = "004"
slug = "julius-caesar"
name = "Julius Caesar"
description = "Roman politician and military general. Rose to fame through the Gallic Wars and laid the foundation ..."
birthYear = "紀元前100年"
category = "Politician/Military Leader"
deathYear = "紀元前44年"
nationality = "Rome"

[[items]]
code = "005"
slug = "genghis-khan"
name = "Genghis Khan"
description = "Founder of the Mongol Empire. Unified nomadic tribes and built the largest land empire in history. C..."
birthYear = "1162年"
category = "Politician/Military Leader"
deathYear = "1227年"
nationality = "Mongolia"

[[items]]
code = "006"
slug = "leonardo-da-vinci"
name = "Leonardo da Vinci"
description = "Renaissance polymath. As a painter, created the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. As a scientist and in..."
birthYear = "1452年"
category = "Artist/Scientist"
deathYear = "1519年"
nationality = "Italy"

[[items]]
code = "007"
slug = "michelangelo"
name = "Michelangelo"
description = "Sculptor, painter, and architect representing the High Renaissance. Created masterpieces that remain..."
birthYear = "1475年"
category = "Artist"
deathYear = "1564年"
nationality = "Italy"

[[items]]
code = "008"
slug = "martin-luther"
name = "Martin Luther"
description = "Leader of the Protestant Reformation. Proposed the Ninety-five Theses and promoted Christian reform...."
birthYear = "1483年"
category = "Religious Leader/Thinker"
deathYear = "1546年"
nationality = "Germany"

[[items]]
code = "009"
slug = "william-shakespeare"
name = "William Shakespeare"
description = "Playwright and poet considered the pinnacle of English literature. Works such as Hamlet, Romeo and J..."
birthYear = "1564年"
category = "Artist (Writer)"
deathYear = "1616年"
nationality = "England"

[[items]]
code = "010"
slug = "galileo-galilei"
name = "Galileo Galilei"
description = "Called the father of the scientific revolution. Presented evidence supporting heliocentrism through ..."
birthYear = "1564年"
category = "Scientist"
deathYear = "1642年"
nationality = "Italy"

[[items]]
code = "011"
slug = "isaac-newton"
name = "Isaac Newton"
description = "Discovered the law of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion. One of the founders of cal..."
birthYear = "1643年"
category = "Scientist"
deathYear = "1727年"
nationality = "England"

[[items]]
code = "012"
slug = "wolfgang-amadeus-mozart"
name = "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"
description = "Pinnacle of Classical music. Known as a child prodigy, left behind over 600 works. Created masterpie..."
birthYear = "1756年"
category = "Artist (Musician)"
deathYear = "1791年"
nationality = "Austria"

[[items]]
code = "013"
slug = "george-washington"
name = "George Washington"
description = "First President of the United States. Served as Commander-in-Chief during the Revolutionary War and ..."
birthYear = "1732年"
category = "Politician"
deathYear = "1799年"
nationality = "United States"

[[items]]
code = "014"
slug = "napoleon-bonaparte"
name = "Napoleon Bonaparte"
description = "Emperor of France. Restored order after the chaos of the French Revolution and established the Napol..."
birthYear = "1769年"
category = "Politician/Military Leader"
deathYear = "1821年"
nationality = "France"

[[items]]
code = "015"
slug = "ludwig-van-beethoven"
name = "Ludwig van Beethoven"
description = "Bridge between Classical and Romantic periods. Despite suffering from hearing loss, composed nine sy..."
birthYear = "1770年"
category = "Artist (Musician)"
deathYear = "1827年"
nationality = "Germany"

[[items]]
code = "016"
slug = "charles-darwin"
name = "Charles Darwin"
description = "Proponent of the theory of evolution. Published On the Origin of Species presenting the theory of na..."
birthYear = "1809年"
category = "Scientist"
deathYear = "1882年"
nationality = "England"

[[items]]
code = "017"
slug = "abraham-lincoln"
name = "Abraham Lincoln"
description = "16th President of the United States. Issued the Emancipation Proclamation and maintained federal uni..."
birthYear = "1809年"
category = "Politician"
deathYear = "1865年"
nationality = "United States"

[[items]]
code = "018"
slug = "karl-marx"
name = "Karl Marx"
description = "Founder of Marxism. Presented critiques of capitalism and historical materialism in works such as Th..."
birthYear = "1818年"
category = "Thinker"
deathYear = "1883年"
nationality = "Germany"

[[items]]
code = "019"
slug = "louis-pasteur"
name = "Louis Pasteur"
description = "Founder of bacteriology. Developed pasteurization and conducted pioneering research on vaccines (rab..."
birthYear = "1822年"
category = "Scientist"
deathYear = "1895年"
nationality = "France"

[[items]]
code = "020"
slug = "mahatma-gandhi"
name = "Mahatma Gandhi"
description = "Leader of the Indian independence movement. Resisted British colonial rule with nonviolent resistanc..."
birthYear = "1869年"
category = "Politician/Thinker"
deathYear = "1948年"
nationality = "India"

[[items]]
code = "021"
slug = "marie-curie"
name = "Marie Curie"
description = "Pioneer in radioactivity research. Discovered polonium and radium, receiving Nobel Prizes in both Ph..."
birthYear = "1867年"
category = "Scientist"
deathYear = "1934年"
nationality = "Poland/France"

[[items]]
code = "022"
slug = "albert-einstein"
name = "Albert Einstein"
description = "Proponent of the theory of relativity. Showed the equivalence of mass and energy with E=mc2, bringin..."
birthYear = "1879年"
category = "Scientist"
deathYear = "1955年"
nationality = "Germany/United States"

[[items]]
code = "023"
slug = "winston-churchill"
name = "Winston Churchill"
description = "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. During World War II, led the Allied forces as their leader, re..."
birthYear = "1874年"
category = "Politician"
deathYear = "1965年"
nationality = "England"

[[items]]
code = "024"
slug = "nelson-mandela"
name = "Nelson Mandela"
description = "First President of South Africa. Resisted apartheid (racial segregation policy), and after 27 years ..."
birthYear = "1918年"
category = "Politician"
deathYear = "2013年"
nationality = "South Africa"

[[items]]
code = "025"
slug = "martin-luther-king-jr"
name = "Martin Luther King Jr."
description = "Leader of the American Civil Rights Movement. Advocated nonviolent resistance and contributed to the..."
birthYear = "1929年"
category = "Politician/Religious Leader"
deathYear = "1968年"
nationality = "United States"