INI

Types of Infectious Diseases - INI

Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, etc.) that invade and multiply in the human body. Under Japan's Infectious Diseases Control Law, they are classified into five categories (Category I to V) based on infectivity and severity, with different reporting systems and countermeasures established for each. Influenza, COVID-19, tuberculosis, malaria, and AIDS have become major global public health challenges, with international organizations such as the WHO and national governments working on prevention and management.

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[item.category-i]
code=I
slug=category-i
name=Category I Infectious Diseases
description=Infectious diseases with extremely high infectivity and severity.
examples=["Ebola hemorrhagic fever","Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","Plague","Lassa fever","Marburg disease","Smallpox","South American hemorrhagic fever"]

[item.category-ii]
code=II
slug=category-ii
name=Category II Infectious Diseases
description=Infectious diseases with high infectivity and severity.
examples=["Tuberculosis","SARS","MERS","Acute poliomyelitis","Diphtheria","Avian influenza H5N1","Avian influenza H7N9"]

[item.category-iii]
code=III
slug=category-iii
name=Category III Infectious Diseases
description=Infectious diseases with risk of outbreaks in specific occupations.
examples=["Cholera","Bacterial dysentery","Enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection","Typhoid fever","Paratyphoid fever"]

[item.category-iv]
code=IV
slug=category-iv
name=Category IV Infectious Diseases
description=Infectious diseases transmitted through animals or mosquitoes.
examples=["Malaria","Rabies","Dengue fever","Hepatitis A","Hepatitis E","Yellow fever","Japanese encephalitis","Mpox","Zika fever","West Nile fever","Q fever"]

[item.category-v]
code=V
slug=category-v
name=Category V Infectious Diseases
description=Infectious diseases requiring surveillance to prevent spread.
examples=["Influenza","COVID-19","AIDS","Syphilis","Hepatitis B","Hepatitis C","Measles","Rubella","Pertussis","Hand-foot-and-mouth disease","Herpangina"]

[item.novel-influenza]
code=NEW
slug=novel-influenza
name=Novel Influenza and Other Infectious Diseases
description=Infectious diseases newly acquired human-to-human transmission capability.
examples=["Novel influenza","Re-emerging influenza"]