INI

Köppen Climate Classification - INI

The Köppen Climate Classification is a climate classification system devised by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900. It scientifically quantifies the relationship between vegetation distribution and climate, categorizing world climates into five main types: Tropical (A), Arid (B), Temperate (C), Continental (D), and Polar (E) based on temperature and precipitation variables. As the most widely used climate classification system in the world, it is standardly utilized in diverse fields including meteorology, geography, ecology, and agriculture.

climatology meteorology geography climate classification vegetation environmental science

[item.tropical]
code=A
slug=tropical
name=Tropical Climate
description=A climate characterized by high temperature and humidity year-round, with the coldest month averaging 18°C or above.
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthMin=18°C
temperatureCriteria_definedByAridity=
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthRange=
temperatureCriteria_warmestMonthMin=
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthMax=
temperatureCriteria_warmestMonthMax=

[item.arid]
code=B
slug=arid
name=Arid / Dry Climate
description=A climate where precipitation is less than evaporation, and water shortage is the main limiting factor for vegetation.
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthMin=
temperatureCriteria_definedByAridity=true
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthRange=
temperatureCriteria_warmestMonthMin=
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthMax=
temperatureCriteria_warmestMonthMax=

[item.temperate]
code=C
slug=temperate
name=Temperate Climate
description=A climate with mild winters and comfortable summers, where the coldest month averages between 0°C and 18°C.
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthMin=
temperatureCriteria_definedByAridity=
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthRange=0°C to 18°C
temperatureCriteria_warmestMonthMin=10°C
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthMax=
temperatureCriteria_warmestMonthMax=

[item.continental]
code=D
slug=continental
name=Continental Climate
description=A continental climate with severe winters and warm summers, characterized by large seasonal temperature variations.
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthMin=
temperatureCriteria_definedByAridity=
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthRange=
temperatureCriteria_warmestMonthMin=10°C
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthMax=-3°C
temperatureCriteria_warmestMonthMax=

[item.polar]
code=E
slug=polar
name=Polar Climate
description=An extremely cold climate where the warmest month averages below 10°C, distributed in polar and alpine regions.
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthMin=
temperatureCriteria_definedByAridity=
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthRange=
temperatureCriteria_warmestMonthMin=
temperatureCriteria_coldestMonthMax=
temperatureCriteria_warmestMonthMax=10°C