TOML

Types of Labor Unions - TOML

Labor unions are classified into enterprise-based unions, industrial unions, craft unions, and regional unions (community unions) based on membership scope. In Japan, enterprise-based unions are overwhelmingly dominant, accounting for over 90% of the private sector. This is closely related to Japan's unique employment practices such as lifetime employment and seniority-based wage systems.

labor union labor law labor relations enterprise union industrial union spring labor offensive

[[items]]
code = "1"
slug = "enterprise-union"
name = "Enterprise Union"
description = "A labor union organized by workers belonging to a specific company, regardless of job type."
alternativeName = "Local Union"
prevalence = "Most common in Japan (over 90% of private sector)"
examples = ""
targetAudience = ""

[[items]]
code = "2"
slug = "industrial-union"
name = "Industrial Union"
description = "A cross-company labor union organized by workers engaged in the same industry, regardless of company."
alternativeName = "Single Industry Union"
prevalence = ""
examples = "JAW, JEIU, UA Zensen, JAM, BCU, EPRC, JICYU"
targetAudience = ""

[[items]]
code = "3"
slug = "craft-union"
name = "Craft Union"
description = "A labor union organized by workers engaged in the same occupation across company boundaries."
alternativeName = "Craft Union"
prevalence = ""
examples = "Japan Professional Baseball Players Association, Japan Care Terminal, Osaka Construction Workers Union"
targetAudience = ""

[[items]]
code = "4"
slug = "regional-union"
name = "Regional Union"
description = "A labor union (community union) organized on an individual membership basis in a specific region."
alternativeName = "Community Union, General Labor Union"
prevalence = ""
examples = ""
targetAudience = "SME employees, non-regular workers such as part-time, temporary, and dispatched workers"