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Types of Landforms - XML

Landform classification is a system that categorizes the relief and shape of Earth's surface by morphology, formation process, and scale. Various landforms such as mountains, plains, basins, valleys, lakes, wetlands, dunes, and glaciers are formed by endogenic processes (crustal movement, volcanic activity) and exogenic processes (weathering, erosion, deposition). The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan classifies landforms into natural and artificial types, organized in three hierarchical levels: detailed, regional, and broad-area versions.

landform geography geology geomorphology GSI physical geography

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<items>
  <item>
    <code>01</code>
    <slug>mountain-range</slug>
    <name>Mountain Range</name>
    <description>A large-scale landform consisting of continuous mountains.</description>
    <category>Mountainous Terrain</category>
    <formationProcess>Crustal Movement (Endogenic Process)</formationProcess>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>02</code>
    <slug>plain</slug>
    <name>Plain</name>
    <description>A vast, flat landform with minimal relief.</description>
    <category>Lowland</category>
    <formationProcess>Deposition (Exogenic Process)</formationProcess>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>03</code>
    <slug>basin</slug>
    <name>Basin</name>
    <description>A depression-like landform surrounded by mountains or hills.</description>
    <category>Depression</category>
    <formationProcess>Crustal Movement and Erosion (Endogenic and Exogenic Processes)</formationProcess>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>04</code>
    <slug>valley</slug>
    <name>Valley</name>
    <description>A valley landform formed by river erosion through mountains or hills.</description>
    <category>Valley Landform</category>
    <formationProcess>Fluvial and Glacial Erosion (Exogenic Process)</formationProcess>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>05</code>
    <slug>lake</slug>
    <name>Lake</name>
    <description>A natural body of water surrounded by land.</description>
    <category>Water Body</category>
    <formationProcess>Structural, Volcanic, Glacial, and Depositional Processes</formationProcess>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>06</code>
    <slug>wetland</slug>
    <name>Wetland</name>
    <description>Lowland with high groundwater levels, constantly saturated with water.</description>
    <category>Back Marsh and Wetland</category>
    <formationProcess>Poor Drainage and Depositional Processes</formationProcess>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>07</code>
    <slug>dune</slug>
    <name>Dune</name>
    <description>A landform formed by wind-deposited sand accumulation.</description>
    <category>Sandbar and Dune</category>
    <formationProcess>Aeolian Process (Exogenic Process)</formationProcess>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>08</code>
    <slug>glacier</slug>
    <name>Glacier</name>
    <description>A massive body of ice formed by compacted snow.</description>
    <category>Glacial Landform</category>
    <formationProcess>Glacial Process (Climatic Process)</formationProcess>
  </item>
</items>