INI
Major Categories of Law - INI
The six major categories that constitute Japan's legal system. Civil Law governs rights and obligations between private parties, Criminal Law addresses crimes and punishments, Commercial Law regulates commercial transactions and companies, Labor Law governs employment relationships, Constitutional Law establishes the basic structure of the state and fundamental human rights of citizens, and Administrative Law regulates the activities of administrative agencies. These laws work together to maintain social order and justice.
law
legal system
civil law
criminal law
commercial law
labor law
constitutional law
administrative law
[item.civil-law]
code=01
slug=civil-law
name=Civil Law
description=Law governing rights and obligations between private parties.
basicPrinciples=["Public Welfare","Good Faith and Fair Dealing","Prohibition of Abuse of Rights","Individual Dignity","Essential Equality of the Sexes"]
enactedYear=1898
[item.criminal-law]
code=02
slug=criminal-law
name=Criminal Law
description=Law defining crimes and punishments.
basicPrinciples=["Principle of Legality","Principle of Legal Interest Protection","Principle of Culpability","Principle of Restraint"]
enactedYear=1908
[item.commercial-law]
code=03
slug=commercial-law
name=Commercial Law
description=Law concerning commercial transactions and companies.
basicPrinciples=["Freedom of Business","Maintenance of Enterprises","Transaction Security","Good Faith and Fair Dealing"]
enactedYear=1899
[item.labor-law]
code=04
slug=labor-law
name=Labor Law
description=Law governing employment relationships.
basicPrinciples=["Minimum Standards for Working Conditions","Equal Treatment","Equal Pay for Equal Work","Prohibition of Forced Labor","Elimination of Middleman Exploitation"]
enactedYear=1947
[item.constitutional-law]
code=05
slug=constitutional-law
name=Constitutional Law
description=Fundamental law establishing the basic structure of the state and fundamental human rights.
basicPrinciples=["Popular Sovereignty","Respect for Fundamental Human Rights","Pacifism","Separation of Powers"]
enactedYear=1947
[item.administrative-law]
code=06
slug=administrative-law
name=Administrative Law
description=Law regulating the activities of administrative agencies.
basicPrinciples=["Rule of Law","Trust Protection","Principle of Proportionality","Principle of Equality","Transparency and Disclosure","Accountability"]
enactedYear=1947