Structured Lists Directory

XML

Major Philosophers - XML

These seven philosophers—Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Kant, Hegel, Marx, and Nietzsche—established the foundations of Western philosophy from ancient Greece to the 19th century and were the major thinkers responsible for the intellectual transformations of their respective eras. Their ideas continue to profoundly influence diverse fields including philosophy, political science, economics, and ethics to the present day.

philosophy western philosophy thinkers Plato Kant Descartes Marx Nietzsche 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<items>
  <item>
    <code>01</code>
    <slug>plato</slug>
    <name>Plato</name>
    <description>Ancient Greek philosopher, founder of the Theory of Forms.</description>
    <birthYear>-427</birthYear>
    <deathYear>-347</deathYear>
    <majorWorks>[&quot;国家&quot;,&quot;ソクラテスの弁明&quot;,&quot;パイドロス&quot;,&quot;饗宴&quot;]</majorWorks>
    <nationality>Ancient Greece</nationality>
    <period>Ancient Greece</period>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>02</code>
    <slug>aristotle</slug>
    <name>Aristotle</name>
    <description>Ancient Greek philosopher, known as the &apos;Father of All Sciences.&apos;</description>
    <birthYear>-384</birthYear>
    <deathYear>-322</deathYear>
    <majorWorks>[&quot;ニコマコス倫理学&quot;,&quot;形而上学&quot;,&quot;政治学&quot;,&quot;詩学&quot;]</majorWorks>
    <nationality>Ancient Greece</nationality>
    <period>Ancient Greece</period>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>03</code>
    <slug>descartes</slug>
    <name>René Descartes</name>
    <description>French philosopher, father of rationalism, known for &apos;I think, therefore I am.&apos;</description>
    <birthYear>1596</birthYear>
    <deathYear>1650</deathYear>
    <majorWorks>[&quot;方法序説&quot;,&quot;省察&quot;,&quot;哲学原理&quot;]</majorWorks>
    <nationality>France</nationality>
    <period>Early Modern</period>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>04</code>
    <slug>kant</slug>
    <name>Immanuel Kant</name>
    <description>German philosopher, founder of critical philosophy, known for the Three Critiques.</description>
    <birthYear>1724</birthYear>
    <deathYear>1804</deathYear>
    <majorWorks>[&quot;純粋理性批判&quot;,&quot;実践理性批判&quot;,&quot;判断力批判&quot;,&quot;永遠の平和のために&quot;]</majorWorks>
    <nationality>Germany (Prussia)</nationality>
    <period>Modern</period>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>05</code>
    <slug>hegel</slug>
    <name>Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</name>
    <description>German philosopher, representative of German Idealism, advocate of dialectic.</description>
    <birthYear>1770</birthYear>
    <deathYear>1831</deathYear>
    <majorWorks>[&quot;精神現象学&quot;,&quot;論理学&quot;,&quot;法の哲学&quot;,&quot;歴史哲学&quot;]</majorWorks>
    <nationality>Germany</nationality>
    <period>Modern</period>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>06</code>
    <slug>marx</slug>
    <name>Karl Marx</name>
    <description>German philosopher and economist, founder of Marxism.</description>
    <birthYear>1818</birthYear>
    <deathYear>1883</deathYear>
    <majorWorks>[&quot;資本論&quot;,&quot;共産党宣言&quot;,&quot;経済学・哲学草稿&quot;]</majorWorks>
    <nationality>Germany (Prussia)</nationality>
    <period>19th Century</period>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>07</code>
    <slug>nietzsche</slug>
    <name>Friedrich Nietzsche</name>
    <description>German philosopher, proclaimed &apos;God is dead&apos; and advocated the Übermensch.</description>
    <birthYear>1844</birthYear>
    <deathYear>1900</deathYear>
    <majorWorks>[&quot;ツァラトゥストラはかく語りき&quot;,&quot;善悪の彼岸&quot;,&quot;道徳の系譜学&quot;,&quot;悲劇の誕生&quot;]</majorWorks>
    <nationality>Germany</nationality>
    <period>19th Century</period>
  </item>
</items>