TOML

Physical Constants - TOML

Physical constants are universal constants that hold true throughout nature, forming the foundation of natural sciences such as physics and chemistry. Recommended values are established by CODATA (Committee on Data for Science and Technology), with representative examples including the speed of light, Planck constant, gravitational constant, and Avogadro constant. Following the 2019 redefinition of SI units, some constants became exact defined values.

physics chemistry constants CODATA NIST SI units natural science
[[items]]
code = "c"
slug = "speed-of-light"
name = "Speed of light in vacuum"
description = "The propagation speed of light in vacuum."
symbol = "c"
uncertainty = "exact"
unit = "m s^-1"
value = "299792458"

[[items]]
code = "h"
slug = "planck-constant"
name = "Planck constant"
description = "The fundamental constant of quantum mechanics."
symbol = "h"
uncertainty = "exact"
unit = "J Hz^-1"
value = "6.62607015e-34"

[[items]]
code = "h-bar"
slug = "reduced-planck-constant"
name = "Reduced Planck constant"
description = "Planck constant divided by 2π."
symbol = "ℏ"
uncertainty = "exact"
unit = "J s"
value = "1.054571817e-34"

[[items]]
code = "G"
slug = "gravitational-constant"
name = "Newtonian constant of gravitation"
description = "The proportional constant in Newton's law of universal gravitation."
symbol = "G"
uncertainty = "0.00015e-11"
unit = "m^3 kg^-1 s^-2"
value = "6.67430e-11"

[[items]]
code = "Na"
slug = "avogadro-constant"
name = "Avogadro constant"
description = "The number of particles in one mole."
symbol = "N_A"
uncertainty = "exact"
unit = "mol^-1"
value = "6.02214076e23"

[[items]]
code = "e"
slug = "elementary-charge"
name = "Elementary charge"
description = "The magnitude of charge carried by an electron."
symbol = "e"
uncertainty = "exact"
unit = "C"
value = "1.602176634e-19"

[[items]]
code = "k"
slug = "boltzmann-constant"
name = "Boltzmann constant"
description = "The conversion factor between temperature and energy."
symbol = "k"
uncertainty = "exact"
unit = "J K^-1"
value = "1.380649e-23"

[[items]]
code = "alpha"
slug = "fine-structure-constant"
name = "Fine-structure constant"
description = "A dimensionless constant representing the strength of electromagnetic interaction."
symbol = "α"
uncertainty = "0.0000000011e-3"
unit = ""
value = "7.2973525643e-3"

[[items]]
code = "me"
slug = "electron-mass"
name = "Electron mass"
description = "The rest mass of an electron."
symbol = "m_e"
uncertainty = "0.0000000028e-31"
unit = "kg"
value = "9.1093837139e-31"

[[items]]
code = "mp"
slug = "proton-mass"
name = "Proton mass"
description = "The rest mass of a proton."
symbol = "m_p"
uncertainty = "0.00000000052e-27"
unit = "kg"
value = "1.67262192595e-27"

[[items]]
code = "mn"
slug = "neutron-mass"
name = "Neutron mass"
description = "The rest mass of a neutron."
symbol = "m_n"
uncertainty = "0.00000000085e-27"
unit = "kg"
value = "1.67492750056e-27"

[[items]]
code = "R"
slug = "molar-gas-constant"
name = "Molar gas constant"
description = "The constant in the ideal gas law equation."
symbol = "R"
uncertainty = "exact"
unit = "J mol^-1 K^-1"
value = "8.314462618"

[[items]]
code = "sigma"
slug = "stefan-boltzmann-constant"
name = "Stefan-Boltzmann constant"
description = "The constant representing total radiated energy density of blackbody radiation."
symbol = "σ"
uncertainty = "exact"
unit = "W m^-2 K^-4"
value = "5.670374419e-8"

[[items]]
code = "R-inf"
slug = "rydberg-constant"
name = "Rydberg constant"
description = "The constant describing spectral lines of hydrogen atoms."
symbol = "R_∞"
uncertainty = "0.000012"
unit = "m^-1"
value = "10973731.568157"

[[items]]
code = "a0"
slug = "bohr-radius"
name = "Bohr radius"
description = "The average distance of the electron in the ground state of a hydrogen atom."
symbol = "a_0"
uncertainty = "0.00000000082e-11"
unit = "m"
value = "5.29177210544e-11"

[[items]]
code = "muB"
slug = "bohr-magneton"
name = "Bohr magneton"
description = "The natural unit of electron magnetic moment."
symbol = "μ_B"
uncertainty = "0.0000000029e-24"
unit = "J T^-1"
value = "9.2740100657e-24"

[[items]]
code = "muN"
slug = "nuclear-magneton"
name = "Nuclear magneton"
description = "The natural unit of nucleon magnetic moment."
symbol = "μ_N"
uncertainty = "0.0000000016e-27"
unit = "J T^-1"
value = "5.0507837393e-27"

[[items]]
code = "F"
slug = "faraday-constant"
name = "Faraday constant"
description = "The charge of one mole of electrons."
symbol = "F"
uncertainty = "exact"
unit = "C mol^-1"
value = "96485.33212"

[[items]]
code = "g"
slug = "standard-acceleration-of-gravity"
name = "Standard acceleration of gravity"
description = "The standard acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface."
symbol = "g"
uncertainty = "exact"
unit = "m s^-2"
value = "9.80665"