Structured Lists Directory

INI

Types of Pollutants - INI

This covers the types of air pollutants subject to environmental standards set by the Ministry of the Environment (PM2.5, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, etc.) and organic fluorine compounds (PFAS) that cause water pollution. These pollutants affect human health and ecosystems, and are subject to environmental standards and regulations.

Ministry of the Environment air pollution water pollution PM2.5 ozone PFAS environmental standards 
[item.pm2-5]
code=PM25
slug=pm2-5
name=Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5)
description=Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less.
category=Air Quality Standard Substances
standardValue=Annual average: 15μg/m³ or less, Daily average: 35μg/m³ or less

[item.photochemical-oxidants]
code=OX
slug=photochemical-oxidants
name=Photochemical Oxidants (Ozone)
description=Pollutants generated by photochemical reactions, primarily ozone.
category=Air Quality Standard Substances
standardValue=1-hour value: 0.06ppm or less

[item.nitrogen-dioxide]
code=NO2
slug=nitrogen-dioxide
name=Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)
description=A reddish-brown irritating gas produced by high-temperature combustion.
category=Air Quality Standard Substances
standardValue=Daily average of 1-hour values: 0.04-0.06ppm or less

[item.sulfur-dioxide]
code=SO2
slug=sulfur-dioxide
name=Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)
description=A colorless irritating gas produced by combustion of fossil fuels.
category=Air Quality Standard Substances
standardValue=Daily average of 1-hour values: 0.04ppm or less, and 1-hour value: 0.1ppm or less

[item.carbon-monoxide]
code=CO
slug=carbon-monoxide
name=Carbon Monoxide (CO)
description=A colorless, odorless toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion.
category=Air Quality Standard Substances
standardValue=Daily average of 1-hour values: 10ppm or less, and 8-hour average: 20ppm or less

[item.suspended-particulate-matter]
code=SPM
slug=suspended-particulate-matter
name=Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
description=Particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less.
category=Air Quality Standard Substances
standardValue=Daily average of 1-hour values: 0.10mg/m³ or less, and 1-hour value: 0.20mg/m³ or less

[item.pfas]
code=PFAS
slug=pfas
name=Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
description=Forever chemicals with persistence and bioaccumulation properties.
category=Water Pollutants
standardValue=Water quality standard: Combined PFOS + PFOA 50ng/L or less (effective April 1, 2026)

[item.pfos]
code=PFOS
slug=pfos
name=PFOS (Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid)
description=A type of PFAS, with manufacturing and import banned in 2010.
category=Water Pollutants
standardValue=Chemical Substances Control Law: Class I Specified Chemical Substance (manufacturing/import principally prohibited)

[item.pfoa]
code=PFOA
slug=pfoa
name=PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic Acid)
description=A type of PFAS, with manufacturing and import banned in 2021.
category=Water Pollutants
standardValue=Chemical Substances Control Law: Class I Specified Chemical Substance (manufacturing/import principally prohibited)

[item.pfhxs]
code=PFHxS
slug=pfhxs
name=PFHxS (Perfluorohexanesulfonic Acid)
description=A type of PFAS, with manufacturing and import banned in 2024.
category=Water Pollutants
standardValue=Chemical Substances Control Law: Class I Specified Chemical Substance (manufacturing/import principally prohibited)