TSV

Logical Reasoning Methods - TSV

This resource explains the three reasoning methods that constitute logical thinking: deduction, induction, and abduction. Deduction derives specific conclusions from general principles, induction derives general laws from individual observations, and abduction infers the most plausible causes or hypotheses from observed results. These reasoning methods play crucial roles in problem-solving, decision-making, and innovation creation.

logical thinking deduction induction abduction reasoning problem solving critical thinking

code	slug	name	description	certainty	direction	example
01	deduction	Deduction	A reasoning method that derives specific conclusions from general principles or laws.	High (Necessary)	General → Specific	Major premise: All humans are mortal. Minor premise: Socrates is human. Conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
02	induction	Induction	A reasoning method that derives general laws or conclusions from multiple individual cases or observations.	Medium (Probable)	Specific → General	Observation: Fossils found at location A. Fossils found at location B. Fossils found at location C. Conclusion: There is a possibility that fossils are buried extensively in this area.
03	abduction	Abduction	A reasoning method that infers the most plausible causes or hypotheses to explain observed results or facts.	Low (Hypothetical)	Effect → Cause	Observation: Shell fossils found at location X, far from the sea. Condition: Shell fossils are usually formed in the sea. Hypothesis: Perhaps location X was at the bottom of the sea tens of thousands of years ago.
04	analogy	Analogy	A method that infers properties of one thing from knowledge of another based on their similarities.	Low to Medium	Transfer based on similarity	Birds fly (have wings) → Airplane design (structure with wings)