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Renewable Energy Sources - JSON

Renewable energy sources refer to energy sources that are continuously replenished by natural processes, including solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, biomass, wave, and ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC). Unlike fossil fuels, they do not deplete and emit minimal greenhouse gases during power generation, making them crucial for both climate change mitigation and energy security. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), solar photovoltaic power is expected to meet approximately half of the world's new electricity demand in 2025, establishing renewable energy as the core of global power supply.

renewable energy solar power wind power hydropower geothermal energy biomass wave power ocean thermal energy clean energy decarbonization

[
  {
    "code": "01",
    "slug": "solar-energy",
    "name": "Solar Energy",
    "description": "Renewable energy that converts sunlight into electricity or heat.",
    "technologyTypes": [
      "Photovoltaic (PV)",
      "Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)",
      "Solar Thermal"
    ],
    "status2025": "The fastest-growing renewable energy globally. In 2024, capacity increased by 600 GW, recording 35% year-over-year growth. LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) ranges from $28-117/MWh."
  },
  {
    "code": "02",
    "slug": "wind-energy",
    "name": "Wind Energy",
    "description": "Renewable energy that converts wind's kinetic energy into rotational energy for power generation.",
    "technologyTypes": [
      "Onshore Wind",
      "Offshore Wind"
    ],
    "status2025": "Recorded 273 TWh growth in 2021 and expected to surpass nuclear power generation in 2025. Offshore wind is particularly expanding, with full-scale introduction expected in Japan after 2025."
  },
  {
    "code": "03",
    "slug": "hydropower",
    "name": "Hydropower",
    "description": "Renewable energy that generates electricity using water's potential and kinetic energy.",
    "technologyTypes": [
      "Large-scale Hydropower",
      "Pumped Storage",
      "Micro-hydro",
      "Small Hydropower"
    ],
    "status2025": "Functions as a stable baseload power source as the world's largest renewable energy source. In Europe, hydropower accounts for 34.7% of renewable electricity."
  },
  {
    "code": "04",
    "slug": "geothermal-energy",
    "name": "Geothermal Energy",
    "description": "Renewable energy that utilizes underground thermal energy for power generation and heating/cooling.",
    "technologyTypes": [
      "Hydrothermal Geothermal",
      "Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)",
      "Ground-source Heat Pumps"
    ],
    "status2025": "A baseload power source capable of 24-hour stable supply with a capacity factor exceeding 90%. Geographic constraints are being eased with the development of EGS technology, and new deployment expansion is expected."
  },
  {
    "code": "05",
    "slug": "biomass-energy",
    "name": "Biomass Energy",
    "description": "Renewable energy that converts chemical energy contained in organic matter into heat or electricity.",
    "technologyTypes": [
      "Solid Biofuels",
      "Liquid Biofuels",
      "Biogas",
      "Waste-to-Energy"
    ],
    "status2025": "Attracting attention as carbon-neutral power generation through waste utilization. Sustainable raw material sourcing and avoiding food competition are challenges. In Europe, biomass accounts for 17.3% of renewable electricity."
  },
  {
    "code": "06",
    "slug": "wave-energy",
    "name": "Wave Energy",
    "description": "Marine energy that generates power using the vertical motion and kinetic energy of ocean surface waves.",
    "technologyTypes": [
      "Point Absorber",
      "Attenuator",
      "Terminator",
      "Oscillating Water Column"
    ],
    "status2025": "Research, development, and demonstration testing for practical application are in progress. Global potential exceeds 2,000 TWh annually. Marine energy as a whole is expected to reach 20 million tons equivalent annually by 2040."
  },
  {
    "code": "07",
    "slug": "ocean-thermal-energy-conversion",
    "name": "Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)",
    "description": "Marine energy that generates power using the temperature difference between warm surface water and cold deep seawater.",
    "technologyTypes": [
      "Closed-cycle OTEC",
      "Open-cycle OTEC",
      "Hybrid OTEC"
    ],
    "status2025": "In research and development stage. Has significant potential in tropical and subtropical regions. Overcoming technical and economic challenges is necessary for practical application."
  },
  {
    "code": "08",
    "slug": "tidal-energy",
    "name": "Tidal Energy",
    "description": "Marine energy that generates power using the energy of tidal rise and fall.",
    "technologyTypes": [
      "Tidal Barrage (Range)",
      "Tidal Stream (Current)"
    ],
    "status2025": "Capable of stable power generation unaffected by weather with high predictability of over 95%. Suitable topographical conditions are required, limiting developable locations."
  }
]