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Sculpting Techniques - XML

Sculpting techniques are broadly classified by material and technique. Wood carving uses traditional chisel-based methods, stone carving employs subtractive techniques, bronze sculpture utilizes lost-wax casting methods, and terracotta involves firing clay. Each material has developed unique expressive methods that have played significant roles in art history.

sculpture wood carving stone carving bronze terracotta art craft fine arts 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<items>
  <item>
    <code>01</code>
    <slug>wood-carving</slug>
    <name>Wood Carving</name>
    <description>A technique of creating three-dimensional forms by carving wood with chisels and carving knives.</description>
    <category>Sculpting Technique</category>
    <materials>[&quot;Camphor&quot;,&quot;Zelkova&quot;,&quot;Cypress&quot;,&quot;Paulownia&quot;,&quot;Machilus&quot;,&quot;Rosewood&quot;]</materials>
    <techniques>[&quot;Rough Carving&quot;,&quot;Finish Carving&quot;,&quot;Openwork Carving&quot;,&quot;Hair Carving&quot;,&quot;Wave Carving&quot;,&quot;Kiriko Carving&quot;]</techniques>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>02</code>
    <slug>stone-carving</slug>
    <name>Stone Carving</name>
    <description>A subtractive sculpting technique where stone is carved to create sculptural works.</description>
    <category>Sculpting Technique</category>
    <materials>[&quot;Granite&quot;,&quot;Marble&quot;,&quot;Limestone&quot;,&quot;Sandstone&quot;,&quot;Bluestone&quot;]</materials>
    <techniques>[&quot;Round Carving&quot;,&quot;High Relief&quot;,&quot;Low Relief&quot;,&quot;Openwork Carving&quot;,&quot;Pointing&quot;]</techniques>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>03</code>
    <slug>bronze-sculpture</slug>
    <name>Bronze Sculpture</name>
    <description>A sculpting technique where bronze (copper-tin alloy) is cast to create sculptures.</description>
    <category>Sculpting Technique</category>
    <materials>[&quot;Bronze&quot;,&quot;Copper&quot;,&quot;Tin&quot;,&quot;Lead&quot;,&quot;Zinc&quot;]</materials>
    <techniques>[&quot;Lost-Wax Casting&quot;,&quot;Sand Casting&quot;,&quot;Ceramic Shell Method&quot;,&quot;Patination&quot;]</techniques>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>04</code>
    <slug>terracotta</slug>
    <name>Terracotta</name>
    <description>A ceramic sculpting technique where clay is shaped and fired.</description>
    <category>Sculpting Technique</category>
    <materials>[&quot;Clay&quot;,&quot;Glaze&quot;,&quot;Iron Oxide&quot;,&quot;Silica Sand&quot;]</materials>
    <techniques>[&quot;Hand Building&quot;,&quot;Molding&quot;,&quot;Slip Casting&quot;,&quot;Bisque Firing&quot;,&quot;Glaze Firing&quot;]</techniques>
  </item>
</items>