医療保険制度 - TOML

[[items]]
code = "01"
slug = "beveridge-model"
name = "ベバリッジモデル（国家保障型）"
description = "政府が税収で医療を提供・運営する制度モデルです。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"UK\",\"Spain\",\"Sweden\",\"Norway\",\"New Zealand\",\"Cuba\",\"Hong Kong\"]"
fundingSource = "一般税収"
originCountry = "イギリス"

[[items]]
code = "02"
slug = "bismarck-model"
name = "ビスマルクモデル（社会保障型）"
description = "雇用者と被雇用者が保険料を負担する社会保険方式のモデルです。"
coverageRate = "85-99%"
examples = "[\"Germany\",\"Japan\",\"France\",\"Netherlands\",\"Belgium\",\"Switzerland\"]"
fundingSource = "雇用者・被雇用者の保険料（給与天引き）"
originCountry = "ドイツ"

[[items]]
code = "03"
slug = "national-health-insurance-model"
name = "国民健康保険モデル"
description = "政府が保険者となり、民間医療機関がサービスを提供するハイブリッドモデルです。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"Canada\",\"Taiwan\",\"South Korea\",\"Australia\"]"
fundingSource = "政府保険プログラム（税または保険料）"
originCountry = "カナダ"

[[items]]
code = "04"
slug = "out-of-pocket-model"
name = "自費モデル（市場型）"
description = "個人が医療費を直接負担する制度のないモデルです。"
coverageRate = "Variable (often <50%)"
examples = "[\"Rural Africa\",\"Rural India\",\"Rural China\",\"Cambodia\",\"Burkina Faso\"]"
fundingSource = "個人の直接支払い"
originCountry = "N/A（発展途上国）"

[[items]]
code = "05"
slug = "japan-employee-insurance"
name = "日本：被用者保険（職域保険）"
description = "企業・機関に勤める従業員とその家族を対象とした日本の医療保険です。"
coverageRate = "約60%（日本国内）"
examples = "[\"協会けんぽ\",\"健康保険組合\",\"共済組合\",\"船員保険\"]"
fundingSource = "事業主と被保険者の折半"
originCountry = "日本"

[[items]]
code = "06"
slug = "japan-national-health-insurance"
name = "日本：国民健康保険（地域保険）"
description = "自営業者や農業者、非正規雇用者などを対象とした日本の地域型医療保険です。"
coverageRate = "約27%（日本国内）"
examples = "[\"市町村国保\",\"国民健康保険組合\"]"
fundingSource = "世帯主の保険料（国・都道府県・市町村の補助あり）"
originCountry = "日本"

[[items]]
code = "07"
slug = "japan-late-stage-elderly"
name = "日本：後期高齢者医療制度"
description = "75歳以上の高齢者を対象とした日本の医療保険制度です。"
coverageRate = "約16%（75歳以上の全員）"
examples = "[\"後期高齢者医療広域連合\"]"
fundingSource = "保険料（支援金・公費負担あり）"
originCountry = "日本"

[[items]]
code = "08"
slug = "uk-nhs"
name = "イギリス：NHS（国民健康サービス）"
description = "1948年に設立された世界最大の公営医療サービスです。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"NHS England\",\"NHS Scotland\",\"NHS Wales\",\"HSC Northern Ireland\"]"
fundingSource = "一般税収と国民保険料"
originCountry = "イギリス"

[[items]]
code = "09"
slug = "germany-gkv-pkv"
name = "ドイツ：GKVとPKVの二層構造"
description = "法定医療保険と私的医療保険が併存するドイツの医療制度です。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"AOK\",\"TK\",\"Barmer\",\"DAK-Gesundheit (GKV)\",\"Allianz\",\"AXA (PKV)\"]"
fundingSource = "GKV：給与天引き（事業主折半）/ PKV：個人保険料"
originCountry = "ドイツ"

[[items]]
code = "10"
slug = "us-mixed-system"
name = "アメリカ：混合医療制度"
description = "民間保険が主体で、政府保険が特定層を補完する複合的な制度です。"
coverageRate = "約92%（未加入者約8%）"
examples = "[\"Medicare\",\"Medicaid\",\"CHIP\",\"VA\",\"Employer-sponsored insurance\",\"ACA Marketplace\"]"
fundingSource = "民間保険料、政府税収、個人負担"
originCountry = "アメリカ"

[[items]]
code = "11"
slug = "singapore-medisave"
name = "シンガポール：メディセーブ制度"
description = "個人貯蓄口座を中心とした独自の医療財政システムです。"
coverageRate = "100%（Medishield Lifeは強制）"
examples = "[\"Medisave\",\"Medishield Life\",\"Medifund\",\"Integrated Shield Plans\"]"
fundingSource = "個人貯蓄（CPF）、保険料、政府基金"
originCountry = "シンガポール"

[[items]]
code = "12"
slug = "france-universal"
name = "フランス：国民皆保険制度"
description = "世界最高水準の医療アクセスを誇るフランスの社会保障型制度です。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"CPAM\",\"CMU-C\",\"mutuelle\"]"
fundingSource = "社会保険料（給与天引き）、一般税収"
originCountry = "フランス"

[[items]]
code = "13"
slug = "canada-medicare"
name = "カナダ：メディケア制度"
description = "州政府が運営する単一支払者型の公的健康保険制度です。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"OHIP (Ontario)\",\"MSP (British Columbia)\",\"RAMQ (Quebec)\",\"AHCIP (Alberta)\"]"
fundingSource = "州税と連邦移譲金"
originCountry = "カナダ"

[[items]]
code = "14"
slug = "taiwan-nhi"
name = "台湾：全民健康保険（NHI）"
description = "1995年に導入された単一保険者型の効率的な医療制度です。"
coverageRate = "99%以上"
examples = "[\"National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA)\"]"
fundingSource = "保険料（被用者は折半）、政府補助、タバコ税"
originCountry = "台湾"

[[items]]
code = "15"
slug = "south-korea-nhis"
name = "韓国：国民健康保険"
description = "1977年に導入され、1989年に全民皆保険を達成した制度です。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)\",\"Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA)\"]"
fundingSource = "保険料（被用者は折半）、政府補助"
originCountry = "韓国"

[[items]]
code = "16"
slug = "australia-medicare"
name = "オーストラリア：メディケア"
description = "1984年に導入された公的医療保険制度です。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"Medicare\",\"Medicare Levy Surcharge\",\"Private Health Insurance Rebate\"]"
fundingSource = "一般税収（メディケア税）"
originCountry = "オーストラリア"

[[items]]
code = "17"
slug = "netherlands-mandatory"
name = "オランダ：強制民間保険制度"
description = "2006年に導入された強制加入の民間保険制度です。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"Zorgverzekeringswet (Zvw)\",\"Zorginstituut Nederland\"]"
fundingSource = "個人保険料、所得比例保険料、政府補助"
originCountry = "オランダ"

[[items]]
code = "18"
slug = "switzerland-mandatory"
name = "スイス：強制医療保険"
description = "1996年に導入された強制加入の民間保険制度です。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"KVG/LAMal\",\"Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH)\"]"
fundingSource = "個人保険料、州政府補助"
originCountry = "スイス"

[[items]]
code = "19"
slug = "sweden-regional"
name = "スウェーデン：地域公営制度"
description = "地方自治体が運営する税財源型の公営医療制度です。"
coverageRate = "99-100%"
examples = "[\"Region Stockholm\",\"Region Skane\",\"Vastra Gotalandsregionen\"]"
fundingSource = "市県税、国庫補助"
originCountry = "スウェーデン"

[[items]]
code = "20"
slug = "private-supplementary"
name = "民間医療保険（補完型）"
description = "公的医療保険を補完する民間の医療保険です。"
coverageRate = "各国・各制度により異なる"
examples = "[\"Cancer insurance\",\"Advanced medical care riders\",\"Private hospital rooms\",\"International health insurance\"]"
fundingSource = "個人保険料"
originCountry = "各国"