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IoTプロトコル - HTML
IoTプロトコルは、モノのインターネット（Internet of Things）環境において、デバイス間のデータ通信を実現するための通信規約です。MQTT、CoAP、AMQPなどの軽量メッセージングプロトコルを中心に、XMPP、DDS、HTTP、LwM2Mなど、さまざまな用途や要件に応じたプロトコルが存在します。これらのプロトコルは、帯域幅の制約、消費電力、遅延時間、信頼性など、IoTデバイスの特性に合わせて設計されています。スマートホーム、産業自動化、スマートシティ、ヘルスケアなど、幅広い分野で活用されています。
IoT
プロトコル
MQTT
CoAP
AMQP
通信規約
M2M
スマートデバイス
<table>
<thead><tr><th>code</th><th>slug</th><th>name</th><th>description</th><th>architecture</th><th>bestFor</th><th>fullName</th><th>headerSize</th><th>powerConsumption</th><th>qosLevels</th><th>transportProtocol</th></tr></thead>
<tbody><tr><td>01</td><td>mqtt</td><td>MQTT</td><td>軽量なパブリッシュ/サブスクライブ型メッセージングプロトコル</td><td>Broker-based (Pub/Sub)</td><td>["unreliable networks","remote monitoring","smart homes","industrial automation"]</td><td>Message Queuing Telemetry Transport</td><td>2 bytes</td><td>moderate</td><td>3</td><td>TCP</td></tr>
<tr><td>02</td><td>coap</td><td>CoAP</td><td>制約のあるデバイス向けの軽量Web転送プロトコル</td><td>Client-Server (RESTful)</td><td>["battery-powered devices","constrained networks","smart agriculture","LPWAN"]</td><td>Constrained Application Protocol</td><td>4 bytes</td><td>low</td><td>2</td><td>UDP</td></tr>
<tr><td>03</td><td>amqp</td><td>AMQP</td><td>エンタープライズ向けの高度なメッセージキューイングプロトコル</td><td>Broker-based (Multiple patterns)</td><td>["enterprise integration","financial systems","healthcare","mission-critical applications"]</td><td>Advanced Message Queuing Protocol</td><td>variable (larger)</td><td>high</td><td>3</td><td>TCP</td></tr>
<tr><td>04</td><td>xmpp</td><td>XMPP</td><td>XMLベースのリアルタイム通信プロトコル</td><td>Distributed (Client-Server)</td><td>["instant messaging","presence detection","chat applications","device management"]</td><td>Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol</td><td>variable (XML overhead)</td><td>moderate</td><td>1</td><td>TCP</td></tr>
<tr><td>05</td><td>dds</td><td>DDS</td><td>リアルタイムデータ配信のためのミドルウェアプロトコル</td><td>Brokerless (Pub/Sub)</td><td>["industrial automation","robotics","defense systems","automotive","real-time systems"]</td><td>Data Distribution Service</td><td>variable</td><td>high</td><td>22</td><td>UDP/TCP</td></tr>
<tr><td>06</td><td>http-https</td><td>HTTP/HTTPS</td><td>Web通信のための標準プロトコル</td><td>Client-Server (Request/Response)</td><td>["web applications","device management portals","data visualization","RESTful APIs"]</td><td>HyperText Transfer Protocol / HTTP Secure</td><td>800+ bytes</td><td>high</td><td>1</td><td>TCP</td></tr>
<tr><td>07</td><td>lwm2m</td><td>LwM2M</td><td>軽量M2Mデバイス管理プロトコル</td><td>Client-Server</td><td>["device management","firmware updates","smart metering","asset tracking"]</td><td>Lightweight M2M</td><td>4+ bytes</td><td>low</td><td>2</td><td>UDP (over CoAP)</td></tr>
<tr><td>08</td><td>mqtt-sn</td><td>MQTT-SN</td><td>センサーネットワーク向けのMQTTプロトコル</td><td>Broker-based (Pub/Sub)</td><td>["sensor networks","non-IP networks","Zigbee","LoRaWAN","Bluetooth"]</td><td>MQTT for Sensor Networks</td><td>2-5 bytes</td><td>low</td><td>3</td><td>UDP</td></tr>
<tr><td>09</td><td>opc-ua</td><td>OPC UA</td><td>産業自動化向けのM2M通信プロトコル</td><td>Client-Server</td><td>["industrial automation","process control","manufacturing","Industry 4.0"]</td><td>OPC Unified Architecture</td><td>variable</td><td>moderate</td><td>2</td><td>TCP</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td>websocket</td><td>WebSocket</td><td>全二重通信を実現するWebプロトコル</td><td>Client-Server (Full-duplex)</td><td>["real-time streaming","chat applications","live dashboards","bidirectional communication"]</td><td>WebSocket Protocol</td><td>2-14 bytes</td><td>moderate</td><td>1</td><td>TCP</td></tr></tbody>
</table>