TOML
恒星スペクトル分類 - TOML
恒星スペクトル分類は、1918年から1924年にかけてハーバード大学天文台のアニー・ジャンプ・キャノンらが開発した分類体系です。恒星を表面温度に基づいてO、B、A、F、G、K、M、L、T、Yの10種類に分類し、最も高温の青色巨星から最も低温の褐色矮星までを体系的に整理しています。この分類は1922年に国際天文学連合の前身組織によって正式に採択され、現在も天文学における標準的な分類システムとして世界中で使用されています。
天文学
恒星
スペクトル分類
ハーバード分類
表面温度
褐色矮星
[[items]]
code = "O"
slug = "o-type"
name = "O型星"
description = "最も高温で大質量の青色巨星です。"
abundance_percent = "<1"
color = "青色"
example_stars = "[\"Zeta Ophiuchi\",\"Lambda Orionis\",\"Theta1 Orionis C\"]"
lifespan = "500万〜600万年"
mass_solar_max = 150
mass_solar_min = 16
mass_solar_typical = 30
temperature_max_kelvin = 50000
temperature_min_kelvin = 28000
temperature_note = "一部の準矮星は100,000Kを超えることもある"
temperature_typical_kelvin = ""
mass_jupiter_max = ""
mass_jupiter_min = ""
mass_jupiter_typical = ""
object_type = ""
[[items]]
code = "B"
slug = "b-type"
name = "B型星"
description = "高温の青白色の大質量星です。"
abundance_percent = "0.13"
color = "青白色"
example_stars = "[\"Rigel\",\"Spica\",\"Regulus\"]"
lifespan = "約3億年"
mass_solar_max = 16
mass_solar_min = 2.1
mass_solar_typical = 7
temperature_max_kelvin = 30000
temperature_min_kelvin = 10000
temperature_note = ""
temperature_typical_kelvin = 15000
mass_jupiter_max = ""
mass_jupiter_min = ""
mass_jupiter_typical = ""
object_type = ""
[[items]]
code = "A"
slug = "a-type"
name = "A型星"
description = "水素線が最も強い白色星です。"
abundance_percent = "0.625"
color = "白色"
example_stars = "[\"Sirius A\",\"Vega\",\"Altair\",\"Fomalhaut\"]"
lifespan = "10〜20億年"
mass_solar_max = 2.1
mass_solar_min = 1.4
mass_solar_typical = 1.7
temperature_max_kelvin = 10000
temperature_min_kelvin = 7400
temperature_note = ""
temperature_typical_kelvin = 8500
mass_jupiter_max = ""
mass_jupiter_min = ""
mass_jupiter_typical = ""
object_type = ""
[[items]]
code = "F"
slug = "f-type"
name = "F型星"
description = "黄白色の中間的な温度の星です。"
abundance_percent = "3"
color = "黄白色"
example_stars = "[\"Procyon A\",\"Polaris Aa\",\"Canopus\"]"
lifespan = "40〜80億年"
mass_solar_max = 1.4
mass_solar_min = 1
mass_solar_typical = 1.2
temperature_max_kelvin = 7500
temperature_min_kelvin = 6000
temperature_note = ""
temperature_typical_kelvin = 6700
mass_jupiter_max = ""
mass_jupiter_min = ""
mass_jupiter_typical = ""
object_type = ""
[[items]]
code = "G"
slug = "g-type"
name = "G型星(黄色矮星)"
description = "太陽と同じタイプの黄色い主系列星です。"
abundance_percent = "7.5"
color = "黄色"
example_stars = "[\"Sun\",\"Alpha Centauri A\",\"Tau Ceti\",\"51 Pegasi\"]"
lifespan = "約100億年(太陽質量の場合)"
mass_solar_max = 1.15
mass_solar_min = 0.8
mass_solar_typical = 1
temperature_max_kelvin = 6000
temperature_min_kelvin = 5200
temperature_note = ""
temperature_typical_kelvin = 5778
mass_jupiter_max = ""
mass_jupiter_min = ""
mass_jupiter_typical = ""
object_type = ""
[[items]]
code = "K"
slug = "k-type"
name = "K型星(オレンジ色矮星)"
description = "太陽より低温のオレンジ色の主系列星です。"
abundance_percent = "12"
color = "オレンジ色"
example_stars = "[\"Epsilon Eridani\",\"Alpha Centauri B\",\"61 Cygni A\"]"
lifespan = "170〜700億年"
mass_solar_max = 0.8
mass_solar_min = 0.5
mass_solar_typical = 0.65
temperature_max_kelvin = 5200
temperature_min_kelvin = 3900
temperature_note = ""
temperature_typical_kelvin = 4500
mass_jupiter_max = ""
mass_jupiter_min = ""
mass_jupiter_typical = ""
object_type = ""
[[items]]
code = "M"
slug = "m-type"
name = "M型星(赤色矮星)"
description = "最も一般的で長寿命の赤色主系列星です。"
abundance_percent = "75"
color = "赤色"
example_stars = "[\"Proxima Centauri\",\"Barnard's Star\",\"TRAPPIST-1\",\"Wolf 359\"]"
lifespan = "1兆〜10兆年"
mass_solar_max = 0.5
mass_solar_min = 0.08
mass_solar_typical = 0.3
temperature_max_kelvin = 3900
temperature_min_kelvin = 2400
temperature_note = ""
temperature_typical_kelvin = 3200
mass_jupiter_max = ""
mass_jupiter_min = ""
mass_jupiter_typical = ""
object_type = ""
[[items]]
code = "L"
slug = "l-type"
name = "L型矮星"
description = "水と金属水素化物の吸収を示す低温の褐色矮星です。"
abundance_percent = ""
color = "暗赤色"
example_stars = "[\"2MASS J0523-1403\",\"DENIS-P J1228.2-1547\"]"
lifespan = ""
mass_solar_max = ""
mass_solar_min = ""
mass_solar_typical = ""
temperature_max_kelvin = 2500
temperature_min_kelvin = 1300
temperature_note = ""
temperature_typical_kelvin = 1900
mass_jupiter_max = 65
mass_jupiter_min = 13
mass_jupiter_typical = 30
object_type = "褐色矮星または低温星"
[[items]]
code = "T"
slug = "t-type"
name = "T型矮星"
description = "メタン吸収帯を示す低温の褐色矮星です。"
abundance_percent = ""
color = "暗紫色/黒色"
example_stars = "[\"Gliese 570 D\",\"WISE J0350-5658\",\"2MASS J0559-1404\"]"
lifespan = ""
mass_solar_max = ""
mass_solar_min = ""
mass_solar_typical = ""
temperature_max_kelvin = 1500
temperature_min_kelvin = 600
temperature_note = ""
temperature_typical_kelvin = 1000
mass_jupiter_max = 80
mass_jupiter_min = 13
mass_jupiter_typical = 50
object_type = "褐色矮星"
[[items]]
code = "Y"
slug = "y-type"
name = "Y型矮星"
description = "アンモニア吸収を示す最も低温の褐色矮星です。"
abundance_percent = ""
color = "黒色(赤外線でのみ検出可能)"
example_stars = "[\"WISE J0855-0714\",\"WISE J1828+2650\",\"WISE J1738+2732\"]"
lifespan = ""
mass_solar_max = ""
mass_solar_min = ""
mass_solar_typical = ""
temperature_max_kelvin = 600
temperature_min_kelvin = 200
temperature_note = ""
temperature_typical_kelvin = 400
mass_jupiter_max = 80
mass_jupiter_min = 13
mass_jupiter_typical = 50
object_type = "褐色矮星"