TOML

Acid-Base Classification - TOML

Acid-base classification is performed from two perspectives: strength based on degree of ionization (strong acid, weak acid, strong base, weak base) and valence based on the amount of hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions produced per mole (monoprotic, diprotic, triprotic). Strong acids and strong bases ionize almost completely in aqueous solution, while weak acids and weak bases only partially ionize. This classification is a fundamental concept essential for understanding chemical reactions such as neutralization titrations and pH calculations.

chemistry general chemistry acids and bases degree of ionization strong acid weak acid strong base weak base neutralization reaction

[[items]]
code = "A-01"
slug = "strong-acid-monoprotic"
name = "Strong Acid (Monoprotic)"
description = "Monoprotic acids that ionize almost completely in aqueous solution."
category = "strong-acid"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"HCl\",\"nameJa\":\"塩酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Hydrochloric acid\"},{\"formula\":\"HNO₃\",\"nameJa\":\"硝酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Nitric acid\"},{\"formula\":\"HClO₄\",\"nameJa\":\"過塩素酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Perchloric acid\"},{\"formula\":\"HBr\",\"nameJa\":\"臭化水素\",\"nameEn\":\"Hydrogen bromide\"},{\"formula\":\"HI\",\"nameJa\":\"ヨウ化水素\",\"nameEn\":\"Hydrogen iodide\"}]"
valence = 1

[[items]]
code = "A-02"
slug = "strong-acid-diprotic"
name = "Strong Acid (Diprotic)"
description = "Diprotic acids that ionize almost completely in aqueous solution."
category = "strong-acid"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"H₂SO₄\",\"nameJa\":\"硫酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Sulfuric acid\"}]"
valence = 2

[[items]]
code = "A-03"
slug = "weak-acid-monoprotic"
name = "Weak Acid (Monoprotic)"
description = "Monoprotic acids that only partially ionize in aqueous solution."
category = "weak-acid"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"CH₃COOH\",\"nameJa\":\"酢酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Acetic acid\"},{\"formula\":\"HF\",\"nameJa\":\"フッ化水素酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Hydrofluoric acid\"},{\"formula\":\"HClO\",\"nameJa\":\"次亜塩素酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Hypochlorous acid\"}]"
valence = 1

[[items]]
code = "A-04"
slug = "weak-acid-diprotic"
name = "Weak Acid (Diprotic)"
description = "Diprotic acids that only partially ionize in aqueous solution."
category = "weak-acid"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"H₂CO₃\",\"nameJa\":\"炭酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Carbonic acid\"},{\"formula\":\"H₂C₂O₄\",\"nameJa\":\"シュウ酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Oxalic acid\"},{\"formula\":\"H₂S\",\"nameJa\":\"硫化水素\",\"nameEn\":\"Hydrogen sulfide\"}]"
valence = 2

[[items]]
code = "A-05"
slug = "weak-acid-triprotic"
name = "Weak Acid (Triprotic)"
description = "Triprotic acids that only partially ionize in aqueous solution."
category = "weak-acid"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"H₃PO₄\",\"nameJa\":\"リン酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Phosphoric acid\"}]"
valence = 3

[[items]]
code = "B-01"
slug = "strong-base-monoprotic"
name = "Strong Base (Monoprotic)"
description = "Monoprotic bases that ionize almost completely in aqueous solution."
category = "strong-base"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"NaOH\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化ナトリウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Sodium hydroxide\"},{\"formula\":\"KOH\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化カリウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Potassium hydroxide\"}]"
valence = 1

[[items]]
code = "B-02"
slug = "strong-base-diprotic"
name = "Strong Base (Diprotic)"
description = "Diprotic bases that ionize almost completely in aqueous solution."
category = "strong-base"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"Ca(OH)₂\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化カルシウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Calcium hydroxide\"},{\"formula\":\"Ba(OH)₂\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化バリウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Barium hydroxide\"}]"
valence = 2

[[items]]
code = "B-03"
slug = "weak-base-monoprotic"
name = "Weak Base (Monoprotic)"
description = "Monoprotic bases that only partially ionize in aqueous solution."
category = "weak-base"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"NH₃\",\"nameJa\":\"アンモニア\",\"nameEn\":\"Ammonia\"}]"
valence = 1

[[items]]
code = "B-04"
slug = "weak-base-diprotic"
name = "Weak Base (Diprotic)"
description = "Diprotic bases that only partially ionize in aqueous solution."
category = "weak-base"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"Mg(OH)₂\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化マグネシウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Magnesium hydroxide\"},{\"formula\":\"Cu(OH)₂\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化銅(II)\",\"nameEn\":\"Copper(II) hydroxide\"}]"
valence = 2

[[items]]
code = "B-05"
slug = "weak-base-triprotic"
name = "Weak Base (Triprotic)"
description = "Triprotic bases that only partially ionize in aqueous solution."
category = "weak-base"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"Al(OH)₃\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化アルミニウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Aluminum hydroxide\"},{\"formula\":\"Fe(OH)₃\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化鉄(III)\",\"nameEn\":\"Iron(III) hydroxide\"}]"
valence = 3