TOML

酸と塩基の分類 - TOML

酸と塩基の分類は、電離度による強弱（強酸・弱酸・強塩基・弱塩基）と、1molあたりに生じる水素イオンまたは水酸化物イオンの物質量による価数（1価・2価・3価）の2つの観点から行われます。強酸・強塩基は水溶液中でほぼ完全に電離し、弱酸・弱塩基は部分的にしか電離しません。この分類は中和滴定やpH計算など、化学反応の理解において基礎となる重要な概念です。

化学化学基礎酸と塩基電離度強酸弱酸強塩基弱塩基中和反応

[[items]]
code = "A-01"
slug = "strong-acid-monoprotic"
name = "強酸（1価）"
description = "水溶液中でほぼ完全に電離する1価の酸です。"
category = "strong-acid"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"HCl\",\"nameJa\":\"塩酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Hydrochloric acid\"},{\"formula\":\"HNO₃\",\"nameJa\":\"硝酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Nitric acid\"},{\"formula\":\"HClO₄\",\"nameJa\":\"過塩素酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Perchloric acid\"},{\"formula\":\"HBr\",\"nameJa\":\"臭化水素\",\"nameEn\":\"Hydrogen bromide\"},{\"formula\":\"HI\",\"nameJa\":\"ヨウ化水素\",\"nameEn\":\"Hydrogen iodide\"}]"
valence = 1

[[items]]
code = "A-02"
slug = "strong-acid-diprotic"
name = "強酸（2価）"
description = "水溶液中でほぼ完全に電離する2価の酸です。"
category = "strong-acid"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"H₂SO₄\",\"nameJa\":\"硫酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Sulfuric acid\"}]"
valence = 2

[[items]]
code = "A-03"
slug = "weak-acid-monoprotic"
name = "弱酸（1価）"
description = "水溶液中で部分的にしか電離しない1価の酸です。"
category = "weak-acid"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"CH₃COOH\",\"nameJa\":\"酢酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Acetic acid\"},{\"formula\":\"HF\",\"nameJa\":\"フッ化水素酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Hydrofluoric acid\"},{\"formula\":\"HClO\",\"nameJa\":\"次亜塩素酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Hypochlorous acid\"}]"
valence = 1

[[items]]
code = "A-04"
slug = "weak-acid-diprotic"
name = "弱酸（2価）"
description = "水溶液中で部分的にしか電離しない2価の酸です。"
category = "weak-acid"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"H₂CO₃\",\"nameJa\":\"炭酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Carbonic acid\"},{\"formula\":\"H₂C₂O₄\",\"nameJa\":\"シュウ酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Oxalic acid\"},{\"formula\":\"H₂S\",\"nameJa\":\"硫化水素\",\"nameEn\":\"Hydrogen sulfide\"}]"
valence = 2

[[items]]
code = "A-05"
slug = "weak-acid-triprotic"
name = "弱酸（3価）"
description = "水溶液中で部分的にしか電離しない3価の酸です。"
category = "weak-acid"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"H₃PO₄\",\"nameJa\":\"リン酸\",\"nameEn\":\"Phosphoric acid\"}]"
valence = 3

[[items]]
code = "B-01"
slug = "strong-base-monoprotic"
name = "強塩基（1価）"
description = "水溶液中でほぼ完全に電離する1価の塩基です。"
category = "strong-base"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"NaOH\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化ナトリウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Sodium hydroxide\"},{\"formula\":\"KOH\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化カリウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Potassium hydroxide\"}]"
valence = 1

[[items]]
code = "B-02"
slug = "strong-base-diprotic"
name = "強塩基（2価）"
description = "水溶液中でほぼ完全に電離する2価の塩基です。"
category = "strong-base"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"Ca(OH)₂\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化カルシウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Calcium hydroxide\"},{\"formula\":\"Ba(OH)₂\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化バリウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Barium hydroxide\"}]"
valence = 2

[[items]]
code = "B-03"
slug = "weak-base-monoprotic"
name = "弱塩基（1価）"
description = "水溶液中で部分的にしか電離しない1価の塩基です。"
category = "weak-base"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"NH₃\",\"nameJa\":\"アンモニア\",\"nameEn\":\"Ammonia\"}]"
valence = 1

[[items]]
code = "B-04"
slug = "weak-base-diprotic"
name = "弱塩基（2価）"
description = "水溶液中で部分的にしか電離しない2価の塩基です。"
category = "weak-base"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"Mg(OH)₂\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化マグネシウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Magnesium hydroxide\"},{\"formula\":\"Cu(OH)₂\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化銅(II)\",\"nameEn\":\"Copper(II) hydroxide\"}]"
valence = 2

[[items]]
code = "B-05"
slug = "weak-base-triprotic"
name = "弱塩基（3価）"
description = "水溶液中で部分的にしか電離しない3価の塩基です。"
category = "weak-base"
examples = "[{\"formula\":\"Al(OH)₃\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化アルミニウム\",\"nameEn\":\"Aluminum hydroxide\"},{\"formula\":\"Fe(OH)₃\",\"nameJa\":\"水酸化鉄(III)\",\"nameEn\":\"Iron(III) hydroxide\"}]"
valence = 3