TSV

Biodiversity Hotspots - TSV

Biodiversity hotspots, a concept proposed by Norman Myers in 1988, are 36 regions selected based on criteria of high endemic species richness and severe habitat loss. These regions cover only 2.5% of Earth's land surface but support over 50% of the world's plant species and 43% of land vertebrates. Each hotspot has lost at least 70% of its original natural vegetation, making them high priorities for conservation. They are designated and managed by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF).

biodiversity conservation ecosystem endangered species environmental protection CEPF endemic species

code	slug	name	description	countries	region
01	tropical-andes	Tropical Andes	The most biodiverse hotspot in the world.	Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Northern Argentina	South America
02	tumbes-choco-magdalena	Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena	A biodiverse region along the Pacific coast of South America.	Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Galápagos Islands	South America
03	madrean-pine-oak-woodlands	Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands	Pine-oak forest ecosystem in southern North America.	USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas), Mexico	North America
04	cerrado	Cerrado	Brazil's vast savanna ecosystem.	Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay	South America
05	chilean-winter-rainfall-valdivian-forests	Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian Forests	Temperate rainforests of Chile and Argentina.	Chile, Argentina	South America
06	atlantic-forest	Atlantic Forest	Rich forest ecosystem along Brazil's eastern coast.	Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay	South America
07	mesoamerica	Mesoamerica	Rich forest ecosystem of Central America.	Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama	Central America
08	caribbean-islands	Caribbean Islands	Ecosystem of Caribbean islands.	Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, other Caribbean islands	Central America & Caribbean
09	california-floristic-province	California Floristic Province	Mediterranean climate region of North America's west coast.	USA (California, Oregon), Mexico (Baja California)	North America
10	north-american-coastal-plain	North American Coastal Plain	The 36th hotspot designated in 2016.	USA, Mexico	North America
11	guinean-forests-west-africa	Guinean Forests of West Africa	Forest ecosystem of West Africa's coast.	Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo	Africa
12	cape-floristic-region	Cape Floristic Region	A plant-diverse region at the southern tip of South Africa.	South Africa	Africa
13	succulent-karoo	Succulent Karoo	A region rich in succulent plants in South Africa.	South Africa, Namibia	Africa
14	maputaland-pondoland-albany	Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany	Ecosystem of South Africa's southeastern coast.	South Africa, Mozambique, Eswatini	Africa
15	coastal-forests-eastern-africa	Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa	Forest ecosystem of Africa's eastern coast.	Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Somalia	Africa
16	eastern-afromontane	Eastern Afromontane	Mountain ecosystem of East Africa.	Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, DRC, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique	Africa
17	horn-of-africa	Horn of Africa	Arid region ecosystem of Northeast Africa.	Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia	Africa
18	madagascar-indian-ocean-islands	Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands	Ecosystem of Madagascar and surrounding islands.	Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles, Mauritius, Réunion	Africa
19	mediterranean-basin	Mediterranean Basin	The world's richest plant diversity region.	Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, others	Europe, Asia & Africa
20	caucasus	Caucasus	Mountain region at the Europe-Asia boundary.	Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, Iran	Europe & Asia
21	irano-anatolian	Irano-Anatolian	Mountain ecosystem of the Middle East.	Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Armenia, Iraq, Turkmenistan	Asia
22	mountains-of-central-asia	Mountains of Central Asia	High mountain ecosystem of Central Asia.	Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, China	Asia
23	western-ghats-sri-lanka	Western Ghats and Sri Lanka	Ecosystem of western India and Sri Lanka.	India, Sri Lanka	Asia
24	himalaya	Himalaya	Mountain ecosystem including the world's highest peaks.	India, China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Bangladesh	Asia
25	mountains-of-southwest-china	Mountains of Southwest China	Mountain ecosystem of southwest China.	China, Myanmar	Asia
26	indo-burma	Indo-Burma	One of the world's largest hotspots.	India, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia	Asia
27	sundaland	Sundaland	Ecosystem of Southeast Asian islands and peninsula.	Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Thailand	Asia
28	wallacea	Wallacea	Ecosystem of eastern Indonesian islands.	Indonesia, East Timor	Asia
29	philippines	Philippines	Ecosystem of the Philippine archipelago.	Philippines	Asia
30	japan	Japan	Ecosystem of the Japanese archipelago.	Japan	Asia
31	southwest-australia	Southwest Australia	Mediterranean climate region of southwestern Australia.	Australia	Oceania
32	east-melanesian-islands	East Melanesian Islands	Ecosystem of islands northeast of Australia.	Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea	Oceania
33	new-zealand	New Zealand	Unique ecosystem of the New Zealand islands.	New Zealand	Oceania
34	new-caledonia	New Caledonia	The world's smallest hotspot.	France (New Caledonia)	Oceania
35	polynesia-micronesia	Polynesia-Micronesia	Ecosystem of South Pacific islands.	Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, other Pacific islands	Oceania
36	forests-of-east-australia	Forests of East Australia	Forest ecosystem of Australia's east coast.	Australia	Oceania