INI

Character Encoding Standards - INI

Character encoding standards are specifications for representing characters as digital data in computers. Various schemes exist including ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16, Shift_JIS, and EUC-JP, each with different character sets, byte structures, and compatibility characteristics. While UTF-8 has become the international standard widely adopted today, legacy encodings like Shift_JIS and EUC-JP are still used in Japanese computing environments.

character encoding Unicode UTF-8 ASCII Shift_JIS EUC-JP charset internationalization

[item.ascii]
code=ASCII
slug=ascii
name=ASCII
description=American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Represents alphanumeric characters and symbols in 7 bits.
asciiCompatible=true
byteStructure=固定長（1バイト、7ビット使用）
japaneseSupport=false
maxCharacters=128
usage=legacy
yearIntroduced=1963

[item.utf-8]
code=UTF-8
slug=utf-8
name=UTF-8
description=Variable-length Unicode encoding. ASCII-compatible and represents characters worldwide.
asciiCompatible=true
byteStructure=可変長（1〜4バイト）
japaneseSupport=true
maxCharacters=1114112
usage=standard
yearIntroduced=1993

[item.utf-16]
code=UTF-16
slug=utf-16
name=UTF-16
description=16-bit Unicode encoding. Widely used in Windows and Java.
asciiCompatible=false
byteStructure=可変長（2または4バイト）
japaneseSupport=true
maxCharacters=1114112
usage=system
yearIntroduced=1996

[item.utf-32]
code=UTF-32
slug=utf-32
name=UTF-32
description=Fixed-length 32-bit Unicode encoding. Used for internal processing.
asciiCompatible=false
byteStructure=固定長（4バイト）
japaneseSupport=true
maxCharacters=1114112
usage=internal
yearIntroduced=1996

[item.shift-jis]
code=Shift_JIS
slug=shift-jis
name=Shift_JIS
description=Legacy Japanese encoding. Widely used in Windows systems.
asciiCompatible=false
byteStructure=可変長（1〜2バイト）
japaneseSupport=true
maxCharacters=10000
usage=legacy
yearIntroduced=1978

[item.euc-jp]
code=EUC-JP
slug=euc-jp
name=EUC-JP
description=Japanese encoding used in Unix/Linux. ASCII-compatible.
asciiCompatible=true
byteStructure=可変長（1〜3バイト）
japaneseSupport=true
maxCharacters=11000
usage=legacy
yearIntroduced=1988

[item.iso-2022-jp]
code=ISO-2022-JP
slug=iso-2022-jp
name=ISO-2022-JP
description=7-bit escape sequence Japanese encoding. Used in email.
asciiCompatible=true
byteStructure=7ビット可変長（エスケープシーケンス使用）
japaneseSupport=true
maxCharacters=10000
usage=legacy
yearIntroduced=1983

[item.gb2312]
code=GB2312
slug=gb2312
name=GB2312
description=National standard encoding for Simplified Chinese.
asciiCompatible=false
byteStructure=可変長（1〜2バイト）
japaneseSupport=false
maxCharacters=7445
usage=legacy
yearIntroduced=1980

[item.big5]
code=Big5
slug=big5
name=Big5
description=Traditional Chinese encoding used in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
asciiCompatible=false
byteStructure=可変長（1〜2バイト）
japaneseSupport=false
maxCharacters=13000
usage=legacy
yearIntroduced=1984

[item.windows-1252]
code=Windows-1252
slug=windows-1252
name=Windows-1252
description=Western European encoding used in Windows.
asciiCompatible=true
byteStructure=固定長（1バイト）
japaneseSupport=false
maxCharacters=256
usage=legacy
yearIntroduced=1992