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Character Encoding Standards - JSON

Character encoding standards are specifications for representing characters as digital data in computers. Various schemes exist including ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16, Shift_JIS, and EUC-JP, each with different character sets, byte structures, and compatibility characteristics. While UTF-8 has become the international standard widely adopted today, legacy encodings like Shift_JIS and EUC-JP are still used in Japanese computing environments.

character encoding Unicode UTF-8 ASCII Shift_JIS EUC-JP charset internationalization 
[
  {
    "code": "ASCII",
    "slug": "ascii",
    "name": "ASCII",
    "description": "American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Represents alphanumeric characters and symbols in 7 bits.",
    "yearIntroduced": 1963,
    "byteStructure": "固定長（1バイト、7ビット使用）",
    "maxCharacters": 128,
    "asciiCompatible": true,
    "japaneseSupport": false,
    "usage": "legacy"
  },
  {
    "code": "UTF-8",
    "slug": "utf-8",
    "name": "UTF-8",
    "description": "Variable-length Unicode encoding. ASCII-compatible and represents characters worldwide.",
    "yearIntroduced": 1993,
    "byteStructure": "可変長（1〜4バイト）",
    "maxCharacters": 1114112,
    "asciiCompatible": true,
    "japaneseSupport": true,
    "usage": "standard"
  },
  {
    "code": "UTF-16",
    "slug": "utf-16",
    "name": "UTF-16",
    "description": "16-bit Unicode encoding. Widely used in Windows and Java.",
    "yearIntroduced": 1996,
    "byteStructure": "可変長（2または4バイト）",
    "maxCharacters": 1114112,
    "asciiCompatible": false,
    "japaneseSupport": true,
    "usage": "system"
  },
  {
    "code": "UTF-32",
    "slug": "utf-32",
    "name": "UTF-32",
    "description": "Fixed-length 32-bit Unicode encoding. Used for internal processing.",
    "yearIntroduced": 1996,
    "byteStructure": "固定長（4バイト）",
    "maxCharacters": 1114112,
    "asciiCompatible": false,
    "japaneseSupport": true,
    "usage": "internal"
  },
  {
    "code": "Shift_JIS",
    "slug": "shift-jis",
    "name": "Shift_JIS",
    "description": "Legacy Japanese encoding. Widely used in Windows systems.",
    "yearIntroduced": 1978,
    "byteStructure": "可変長（1〜2バイト）",
    "maxCharacters": 10000,
    "asciiCompatible": false,
    "japaneseSupport": true,
    "usage": "legacy"
  },
  {
    "code": "EUC-JP",
    "slug": "euc-jp",
    "name": "EUC-JP",
    "description": "Japanese encoding used in Unix/Linux. ASCII-compatible.",
    "yearIntroduced": 1988,
    "byteStructure": "可変長（1〜3バイト）",
    "maxCharacters": 11000,
    "asciiCompatible": true,
    "japaneseSupport": true,
    "usage": "legacy"
  },
  {
    "code": "ISO-2022-JP",
    "slug": "iso-2022-jp",
    "name": "ISO-2022-JP",
    "description": "7-bit escape sequence Japanese encoding. Used in email.",
    "yearIntroduced": 1983,
    "byteStructure": "7ビット可変長（エスケープシーケンス使用）",
    "maxCharacters": 10000,
    "asciiCompatible": true,
    "japaneseSupport": true,
    "usage": "legacy"
  },
  {
    "code": "GB2312",
    "slug": "gb2312",
    "name": "GB2312",
    "description": "National standard encoding for Simplified Chinese.",
    "yearIntroduced": 1980,
    "byteStructure": "可変長（1〜2バイト）",
    "maxCharacters": 7445,
    "asciiCompatible": false,
    "japaneseSupport": false,
    "usage": "legacy"
  },
  {
    "code": "Big5",
    "slug": "big5",
    "name": "Big5",
    "description": "Traditional Chinese encoding used in Taiwan and Hong Kong.",
    "yearIntroduced": 1984,
    "byteStructure": "可変長（1〜2バイト）",
    "maxCharacters": 13000,
    "asciiCompatible": false,
    "japaneseSupport": false,
    "usage": "legacy"
  },
  {
    "code": "Windows-1252",
    "slug": "windows-1252",
    "name": "Windows-1252",
    "description": "Western European encoding used in Windows.",
    "yearIntroduced": 1992,
    "byteStructure": "固定長（1バイト）",
    "maxCharacters": 256,
    "asciiCompatible": true,
    "japaneseSupport": false,
    "usage": "legacy"
  }
]