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Ethnic and Racial Classifications - HTML
Ethnic and Racial Classifications refers to traditional anthropological race classification systems used from the 18th to 20th centuries. Originating from German anatomist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach's five-race classification, major categories including Caucasoid (White), Mongoloid (Yellow), and Negroid (Black) were established. Modern genetics and anthropology have rejected the scientific basis of these classifications, understanding race not as a biological reality but as a socially and culturally constructed concept. However, this classification system remains valuable to understand in historical and cultural contexts.
anthropology
race
ethnicity
history
Blumenbach
biological anthropology
<table>
<thead><tr><th>code</th><th>slug</th><th>name</th><th>description</th><th>alternativeNames</th><th>geographicDistribution</th><th>historicalSubgroups</th></tr></thead>
<tbody><tr><td>01</td><td>caucasoid</td><td>Caucasoid</td><td>Traditional racial classification distributed in Europe, West Asia, North Africa, and India.</td><td>["Caucasian","White race","Europid"]</td><td>["Europe","West Asia","North Africa","Indian subcontinent"]</td><td>["Nordic","Mediterranean","Alpine","Dinaric","Armenoid"]</td></tr>
<tr><td>02</td><td>mongoloid</td><td>Mongoloid</td><td>Traditional racial classification distributed in East Asia, Southeast Asia, the Americas, and Arctic regions.</td><td>["Mongolian race","Yellow race","Asian race"]</td><td>["East Asia","Southeast Asia","North and South America","Arctic regions"]</td><td>["Northern Mongoloid","Southeast Asian type","Indigenous American type","Arctic type"]</td></tr>
<tr><td>03</td><td>negroid</td><td>Negroid</td><td>Traditional racial classification distributed in sub-Saharan Africa.</td><td>["Black race","African race","Ethiopian race"]</td><td>["Sub-Saharan Africa","Oceania (partial)"]</td><td>["African Negroid","Nilotic","Negrillo (Pygmy)","Oceanic Negroid"]</td></tr>
<tr><td>04</td><td>australoid</td><td>Australoid</td><td>Traditional racial classification distributed among Australian Aboriginal peoples, Melanesia, and Papua New Guinea.</td><td>["Australian race","Brown race"]</td><td>["Australia","Melanesia","Papua New Guinea"]</td><td>["Australian Aboriginal peoples","Melanesians","Papuans"]</td></tr>
<tr><td>05</td><td>capoid</td><td>Capoid</td><td>Traditional racial classification distributed among Khoisan peoples of Southern Africa.</td><td>["Khoisan race","Capoid race"]</td><td>["Southern Africa","Botswana","Namibia"]</td><td>["Khoikhoi (Hottentot)","San (Bushman)"]</td></tr>
<tr><td>06</td><td>amerindian</td><td>Amerindian</td><td>Traditional racial classification distributed among Indigenous peoples of the Americas.</td><td>["Native American","American Indian","American type"]</td><td>["North America","Central America","South America"]</td><td>["Na-Dene peoples","Alaska Natives","Andean Indigenous peoples","Amazonian Indigenous peoples"]</td></tr>
<tr><td>07</td><td>african-ancestry</td><td>African Ancestry</td><td>Modern geographical and cultural classification referring to people of African continental origin.</td><td>["People of African descent","African descent"]</td><td>["African continent","North America","South America","Caribbean region","Europe"]</td><td>["West African","East African","Central African","Southern African"]</td></tr>
<tr><td>08</td><td>asian-ancestry</td><td>Asian Ancestry</td><td>Modern geographical and cultural classification referring to people of Asian continental origin.</td><td>["People of Asian descent","Asian descent"]</td><td>["East Asia","Southeast Asia","South Asia","Central Asia"]</td><td>["East Asian","Southeast Asian","South Asian","Central Asian"]</td></tr>
<tr><td>09</td><td>european-ancestry</td><td>European Ancestry</td><td>Modern geographical and cultural classification referring to people of European continental origin.</td><td>["People of European descent","White (social classification)"]</td><td>["Europe","North America","South America","Australia","New Zealand","South Africa"]</td><td>["Northern European","Western European","Eastern European","Southern European"]</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td>middle-eastern-ancestry</td><td>Middle Eastern Ancestry</td><td>Modern geographical and cultural classification referring to people of Middle Eastern, West Asian, and North African origin.</td><td>["West Asian","Middle Eastern and North African (MENA)"]</td><td>["Middle East","West Asia","North Africa"]</td><td>["Arab","Persian","Turkic","Kurdish"]</td></tr></tbody>
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