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INI

Gemstone Types - INI

Gemstone types are a systematic classification of major mineral species or groups based on chemical composition and crystal structure in gemology. They are categorized into approximately 15 major groups including Diamond, Corundum, Beryl, and Garnet, with each group containing varieties such as Ruby, Sapphire, and Emerald. This classification system is widely used as an important standard for gemstone identification, value assessment, and market transactions.

gemstone mineral gemology classification jewelry precious stone 
[item.beryl]
code=beryl
slug=beryl
name=Beryl
description=A gemstone group composed primarily of beryllium aluminum silicate.
chemical_formula=Be3Al2(SiO3)6
major_varieties=["Emerald","Aquamarine","Morganite","Heliodor","Goshenite"]
mohs_hardness=7.5-8

[item.chrysoberyl]
code=chrysoberyl
slug=chrysoberyl
name=Chrysoberyl
description=A rare gemstone group composed primarily of beryllium aluminum oxide.
chemical_formula=BeAl2O4
major_varieties=["Alexandrite","Cat's Eye","Chrysoberyl"]
mohs_hardness=8.5

[item.corundum]
code=corundum
slug=corundum
name=Corundum
description=A gemstone group composed of aluminum oxide, including Ruby and Sapphire.
chemical_formula=Al2O3
major_varieties=["Ruby","Sapphire","Star Ruby","Star Sapphire"]
mohs_hardness=9

[item.diamond]
code=diamond
slug=diamond
name=Diamond
description=The hardest gemstone on Earth, composed of pure crystalline carbon.
chemical_formula=C
major_varieties=["Colorless Diamond","Fancy Color Diamond","Black Diamond"]
mohs_hardness=10

[item.feldspar]
code=feldspar
slug=feldspar
name=Feldspar
description=A mineral group comprising about 60% of the Earth's crust, including Moonstone and Sunstone.
chemical_formula=KAlSi3O8 - NaAlSi3O8 - CaAl2Si2O8
major_varieties=["Moonstone","Sunstone","Labradorite","Amazonite"]
mohs_hardness=6-6.5

[item.garnet]
code=garnet
slug=garnet
name=Garnet
description=A group of silicate minerals with diverse colors and compositions.
chemical_formula=X3Y2(SiO4)3
major_varieties=["Pyrope","Almandine","Spessartite","Grossular","Demantoid","Tsavorite"]
mohs_hardness=6.5-7.5

[item.jade]
code=jade
slug=jade
name=Jade
description=A gemstone particularly prized in the East, including two types: Jadeite and Nephrite.
chemical_formula=NaAlSi2O6 (Jadeite) / Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 (Nephrite)
major_varieties=["Jadeite","Nephrite","Imperial Jade"]
mohs_hardness=6-7

[item.opal]
code=opal
slug=opal
name=Opal
description=An amorphous silica containing water, exhibiting rainbow-colored play-of-color.
chemical_formula=SiO2·nH2O
major_varieties=["Black Opal","White Opal","Fire Opal","Boulder Opal"]
mohs_hardness=5.5-6.5

[item.organic-gems]
code=organic-gems
slug=organic-gems
name=Organic Gems
description=A general term for gemstones formed from materials of biological origin.
chemical_formula=Various
major_varieties=["Pearl","Coral","Amber","Tortoiseshell","Ammolite"]
mohs_hardness=2-4

[item.quartz]
code=quartz
slug=quartz
name=Quartz
description=A gemstone group with the most diverse varieties, composed primarily of silicon dioxide.
chemical_formula=SiO2
major_varieties=["Rock Crystal","Amethyst","Citrine","Rose Quartz","Smoky Quartz","Chalcedony","Agate","Tiger's Eye"]
mohs_hardness=7

[item.spinel]
code=spinel
slug=spinel
name=Spinel
description=A gemstone with various colors, composed primarily of magnesium aluminum oxide.
chemical_formula=MgAl2O4
major_varieties=["Red Spinel","Blue Spinel","Pink Spinel"]
mohs_hardness=8

[item.spodumene]
code=spodumene
slug=spodumene
name=Spodumene
description=A lithium-bearing silicate mineral group including Kunzite and Hiddenite.
chemical_formula=LiAlSi2O6
major_varieties=["Kunzite","Hiddenite"]
mohs_hardness=6.5-7

[item.topaz]
code=topaz
slug=topaz
name=Topaz
description=A fluorine-bearing silicate mineral gemstone with various colors.
chemical_formula=Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
major_varieties=["Imperial Topaz","Blue Topaz","White Topaz","Pink Topaz"]
mohs_hardness=8

[item.tourmaline]
code=tourmaline
slug=tourmaline
name=Tourmaline
description=A boron-bearing silicate mineral group with the most diverse color range among gemstones.
chemical_formula=(Ca,K,Na)(Al,Fe,Li,Mg,Mn)3(Al,Cr,Fe,V)6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH,F)4
major_varieties=["Rubellite","Indicolite","Verdelite","Paraiba Tourmaline","Watermelon Tourmaline"]
mohs_hardness=7-7.5

[item.zircon]
code=zircon
slug=zircon
name=Zircon
description=A gemstone composed primarily of zirconium silicate with high refractive index.
chemical_formula=ZrSiO4
major_varieties=["Blue Zircon","White Zircon","Yellow Zircon"]
mohs_hardness=6.5-7.5

[item.zoisite]
code=zoisite
slug=zoisite
name=Zoisite
description=A gemstone group composed of calcium aluminum silicate, including Tanzanite.
chemical_formula=Ca2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
major_varieties=["Tanzanite","Thulite","Anyolite"]
mohs_hardness=6-7