TSV
Gemstone Varieties and Hardness - TSV
Gemstone varieties and hardness are important indicators for jewelry selection and storage. The Mohs hardness scale, introduced by Friedrich Mohs in 1822, measures mineral hardness on a scale from 1 to 10. Diamond (hardness 10) is the hardest, followed by ruby and sapphire (hardness 9). Understanding the hardness of various gemstones such as emerald (hardness 7.5-8) and amethyst (hardness 7) helps determine appropriate handling methods and suitability for daily wear. In addition to hardness, toughness (resistance to breaking) and stability are also important factors.
gemstone
Mohs hardness
diamond
ruby
sapphire
emerald
amethyst
jewelry
mineral
code slug name description birthstone_en birthstone_ja birthstone_month mineralGroup
10 diamond Diamond The hardest natural substance on Earth. Vickers hardness of 7,000-8,500, approximately 4 times harder than corundum. April 4月 4 Diamond
9 ruby Ruby A variety of corundum that appears red due to chromium content. Has a hardness of 9, second only to diamond. July 7月 7 Corundum
9 sapphire Sapphire A variety of corundum that appears blue due to iron and titanium content. Has the same hardness of 9 as ruby. September 9月 9 Corundum
7.5-8 emerald Emerald A variety of beryl that appears green due to chromium and vanadium content. Hardness ranges from 7.5 to 8. May 5月 5 Beryl
7 amethyst Amethyst A variety of quartz that appears purple due to trace iron content. Also known as purple crystal. February 2月 2 Quartz
8 topaz Topaz A silicate mineral containing aluminum and fluorine. Imperial topaz is a valuable yellow to orange gemstone. November 11月 11 Topaz
7 aquamarine Aquamarine A variety of beryl that appears aqua to blue due to iron content. Same mineral group as emerald. March 3月 3 Beryl
6.5-7.5 garnet Garnet A group of silicate minerals with various colored varieties including pyrope, almandine, and spessartine. January 1月 1 Garnet
7 jade Jade Two types exist: jadeite and nephrite. One of the most revered gemstones in Japan since ancient times. May 5月 5 Pyroxene (jadeite) or Amphibole (nephrite)
6.5-7 peridot Peridot Gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine. Characterized by vivid yellow-green to olive green color. August 8月 8 Olivine