Government Systems by Country - INI

[item.presidential-republic]
code=R1
slug=presidential-republic
name=Presidential Republic
description=A system where the president serves as both head of state and head of government, exercising executive power independently from the legislature.
category=republic
countryCount=59
examples=["United States","Brazil","Mexico","Argentina","South Korea","Philippines","Indonesia","Nigeria","Kenya","South Africa","Egypt","Turkey"]

[item.parliamentary-republic]
code=R2
slug=parliamentary-republic
name=Parliamentary Republic
description=A system where the cabinet (prime minister) accountable to parliament exercises executive power, and the president serves as a ceremonial head of state.
category=republic
countryCount=44
examples=["Germany","Italy","India","Singapore","Austria","Finland","Ireland","Greece","Czech Republic","Hungary","Poland","Israel"]

[item.semi-presidential-republic]
code=R3
slug=semi-presidential-republic
name=Semi-Presidential Republic
description=A system where the president and prime minister share executive power, with the president as head of state and the prime minister as head of government.
category=republic
countryCount=15
examples=["France","Russia","Ukraine","Portugal","Romania","Taiwan","Egypt","Pakistan","Sri Lanka"]

[item.committee-republic]
code=R4
slug=committee-republic
name=Committee Republic
description=A unique republican system where supreme executive power is exercised collectively by a committee of multiple members.
category=republic
countryCount=2
examples=["Switzerland","San Marino"]

[item.constitutional-monarchy-ceremonial]
code=M1
slug=constitutional-monarchy-ceremonial
name=Constitutional Monarchy (Ceremonial)
description=A system where the monarch serves only as a symbol of the state, while parliament and cabinet hold substantive political power.
category=monarchy
countryCount=28
examples=["United Kingdom","Japan","Sweden","Norway","Denmark","Netherlands","Belgium","Spain","Thailand","Cambodia","Canada","Australia","New Zealand"]

[item.constitutional-monarchy-executive]
code=M2
slug=constitutional-monarchy-executive
name=Constitutional Monarchy (Executive)
description=A system where a constitution exists, but the monarch retains considerable political power.
category=monarchy
countryCount=10
examples=["Jordan","Morocco","Liechtenstein","Monaco","Bahrain","Kuwait","Qatar"]

[item.absolute-monarchy]
code=M3
slug=absolute-monarchy
name=Absolute Monarchy
description=A system where the monarch holds all legislative, executive, and judicial powers without constitutional constraints.
category=monarchy
countryCount=5
examples=["Saudi Arabia","Brunei","Oman","Eswatini","Vatican City"]

[item.socialist-republic]
code=S1
slug=socialist-republic
name=Socialist Republic
description=A system where the communist party plays a leading role and people's representative bodies serve as the supreme authority.
category=socialist
countryCount=4
examples=["People's Republic of China","Socialist Republic of Vietnam","Lao People's Democratic Republic","Republic of Cuba"]

[item.theocratic-republic]
code=O1
slug=theocratic-republic
name=Theocratic Republic
description=A system where religious authority holds political power and religious law forms the basis of state law.
category=other
countryCount=2
examples=["Iran","Vatican City"]

[item.provisional-government]
code=O2
slug=provisional-government
name=Provisional Government
description=A state where the constitution is suspended and military regimes or provisional governing bodies hold power.
category=other
countryCount=9
examples=["Afghanistan","Myanmar","Sudan","Libya","Mali","Burkina Faso","Guinea","Chad","Yemen"]