TSV
Government Systems by Country - TSV
This data classifies the government systems of countries worldwide into republics (presidential, parliamentary, semi-presidential), monarchies (constitutional, absolute), socialist republics, and other special forms. It covers the political systems of countries around the world including 193 UN member states, and can be utilized for comparative politics research, international relations studies, and educational purposes. Based on the latest information as of 2024.
government system
form of government
republic
monarchy
political system
international politics
comparative politics
code slug name description category countryCount examples
R1 presidential-republic Presidential Republic A system where the president serves as both head of state and head of government, exercising executive power independently from the legislature. republic 59 ["United States","Brazil","Mexico","Argentina","South Korea","Philippines","Indonesia","Nigeria","Kenya","South Africa","Egypt","Turkey"]
R2 parliamentary-republic Parliamentary Republic A system where the cabinet (prime minister) accountable to parliament exercises executive power, and the president serves as a ceremonial head of state. republic 44 ["Germany","Italy","India","Singapore","Austria","Finland","Ireland","Greece","Czech Republic","Hungary","Poland","Israel"]
R3 semi-presidential-republic Semi-Presidential Republic A system where the president and prime minister share executive power, with the president as head of state and the prime minister as head of government. republic 15 ["France","Russia","Ukraine","Portugal","Romania","Taiwan","Egypt","Pakistan","Sri Lanka"]
R4 committee-republic Committee Republic A unique republican system where supreme executive power is exercised collectively by a committee of multiple members. republic 2 ["Switzerland","San Marino"]
M1 constitutional-monarchy-ceremonial Constitutional Monarchy (Ceremonial) A system where the monarch serves only as a symbol of the state, while parliament and cabinet hold substantive political power. monarchy 28 ["United Kingdom","Japan","Sweden","Norway","Denmark","Netherlands","Belgium","Spain","Thailand","Cambodia","Canada","Australia","New Zealand"]
M2 constitutional-monarchy-executive Constitutional Monarchy (Executive) A system where a constitution exists, but the monarch retains considerable political power. monarchy 10 ["Jordan","Morocco","Liechtenstein","Monaco","Bahrain","Kuwait","Qatar"]
M3 absolute-monarchy Absolute Monarchy A system where the monarch holds all legislative, executive, and judicial powers without constitutional constraints. monarchy 5 ["Saudi Arabia","Brunei","Oman","Eswatini","Vatican City"]
S1 socialist-republic Socialist Republic A system where the communist party plays a leading role and people's representative bodies serve as the supreme authority. socialist 4 ["People's Republic of China","Socialist Republic of Vietnam","Lao People's Democratic Republic","Republic of Cuba"]
O1 theocratic-republic Theocratic Republic A system where religious authority holds political power and religious law forms the basis of state law. other 2 ["Iran","Vatican City"]
O2 provisional-government Provisional Government A state where the constitution is suspended and military regimes or provisional governing bodies hold power. other 9 ["Afghanistan","Myanmar","Sudan","Libya","Mali","Burkina Faso","Guinea","Chad","Yemen"]