Markdown
Historical Empires - Markdown
Historical empires are political systems that governed vast territories and diverse peoples from ancient times to the modern era. Evaluated from various perspectives including territorial size, population, duration, and cultural influence, these empires left unique characteristics and legacies: the Roman Empire's legal system, the Mongol Empire's military prowess, the British Empire's global dominance, and more. This comprehensive list covers the most significant empires in world history, explaining their historical contexts, territories, and distinctive features.
world history
empires
civilization
ancient history
modern history
territory
population
political systems
| code | slug | name | description | capital | keyFigures | peakYear | period | population_peak | population_percentOfWorld | territory_areaKm2 | territory_percentOfWorld |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | british-empire | British Empire | The empire with the largest territorial area in history, ruling approximately one-quarter of the world's land at its peak. | London | ["ヴィクトリア女王","ウィンストン・チャーチル"] | 1920 | 1707-1981 | 412000000 | 23 | 35500000 | 26.35 |
| 02 | mongol-empire | Mongol Empire | The largest contiguous land empire in history, founded by Genghis Khan and rapidly expanded within 70 years. | Karakorum | ["チンギス・ハーン","クビライ・ハーン","モンケ・ハーン"] | 1290 | 1206-1368 | 110000000 | 31 | 24000000 | 16 |
| 03 | russian-empire | Russian Empire | A vast empire from the 18th to 20th centuries, dominating most of the Eurasian continent. | Saint Petersburg | ["ピョートル大帝","エカチェリーナ2世","アレクサンドル1世"] | 1895 | 1721-1917 | 176000000 | 9 | 22800000 | 15 |
| 04 | qing-dynasty | Qing Dynasty | The last imperial dynasty of China, founded by the Manchu people, ruling vast territories including Mongolia, Tibet, and Xinjiang. | Beijing | ["康熙帝","乾隆帝","慈禧太后"] | 1790 | 1644-1912 | 432000000 | 36 | 14700000 | 10 |
| 05 | spanish-empire | Spanish Empire | The first 'empire on which the sun never sets,' dominating most of the Americas and holding European hegemony. | Madrid | ["フェルナンド2世","イサベル1世","カール5世","フェリペ2世"] | 1790 | 1492-1976 | 68500000 | 12 | 13700000 | 9 |
| 06 | umayyad-caliphate | Umayyad Caliphate | The 8th-century Islamic empire, one of the largest in history stretching from Spain to India. | Damascus | ["ムアーウィヤ1世","アブド・アルマリク","ワリード1世"] | 720 | 661-750 | 62000000 | 30 | 11100000 | 7 |
| 07 | achaemenid-empire | Achaemenid Empire | The first world empire of the ancient Orient, founded by Cyrus the Great, ruling diverse peoples through tolerant policies. | Persepolis, Susa | ["キュロス2世","ダレイオス1世","クセルクセス1世"] | -480 | 550 BCE - 330 BCE | 50000000 | 44 | 5500000 | 5 |
| 08 | han-dynasty | Han Dynasty | China's first long-term unified dynasty, opening the Silk Road and establishing the foundation of Han Chinese identity. | Chang'an, Luoyang | ["劉邦（高祖）","武帝","光武帝"] | -2 | 206 BCE - 220 CE | 59600000 | 30 | 6000000 | 4 |
| 09 | roman-empire | Roman Empire | The most influential empire that unified the ancient Mediterranean world, whose legal and political systems deeply influenced Western civilization. | Rome | ["アウグストゥス","トラヤヌス帝","マルクス・アウレリウス","コンスタンティヌス1世"] | 150 | 27 BCE - 476 CE | 70000000 | 30 | 5000000 | 4 |
| 10 | ottoman-empire | Ottoman Empire | An Islamic empire lasting over 600 years, spanning Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa as a multi-ethnic empire. | Istanbul (Constantinople) | ["オスマン1世","メフメト2世","スレイマン1世","アブデュルハミト2世"] | 1683 | 1299-1922 | 35000000 | 7 | 5200000 | 4 |