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Nobel Prize Laureates - XML

The Nobel Prize is an international award established by the will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel and has been awarded since 1901. There are six categories: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. The prizes are awarded to individuals or organizations that have made the greatest contributions to humanity. Laureates receive a gold medal, a diploma, and prize money. As of 2025, over 1,000 individuals and organizations have received the award.

Nobel Prize laureates science literature peace physics chemistry medicine economics international award
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<items>
  <item>
    <code>PHYSICS</code>
    <slug>nobel-prize-physics</slug>
    <name>Nobel Prize in Physics</name>
    <description>Awarded to individuals who have made the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics.</description>
    <awardingInstitution>Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</awardingInstitution>
    <establishedYear>1901</establishedYear>
    <recentLaureates>[{&quot;year&quot;:2025,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;John Clarke&quot;,&quot;Michel H. Devoret&quot;,&quot;John M. Martinis&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2024,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;John J. Hopfield&quot;,&quot;Geoffrey Hinton&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2023,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Pierre Agostini&quot;,&quot;Ferenc Krausz&quot;,&quot;Anne L&apos;Huillier&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2022,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Alain Aspect&quot;,&quot;John Clauser&quot;,&quot;Anton Zeilinger&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2021,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Syukuro Manabe&quot;,&quot;Klaus Hasselmann&quot;,&quot;Giorgio Parisi&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems&quot;}]</recentLaureates>
    <totalAwards>119</totalAwards>
    <totalLaureates>230</totalLaureates>
    <uniqueIndividuals>229</uniqueIndividuals>
    <individualLaureates></individualLaureates>
    <organizationLaureates></organizationLaureates>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>CHEMISTRY</code>
    <slug>nobel-prize-chemistry</slug>
    <name>Nobel Prize in Chemistry</name>
    <description>Awarded to individuals who have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement.</description>
    <awardingInstitution>Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</awardingInstitution>
    <establishedYear>1901</establishedYear>
    <recentLaureates>[{&quot;year&quot;:2025,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Susumu Kitagawa&quot;,&quot;Richard Robson&quot;,&quot;Omar M. Yaghi&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for the development of metal-organic frameworks&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2024,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;David Baker&quot;,&quot;Demis Hassabis&quot;,&quot;John Jumper&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for computational protein design and protein structure prediction&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2023,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Moungi Bawendi&quot;,&quot;Louis Brus&quot;,&quot;Aleksey Yekimov&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2022,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Carolyn Bertozzi&quot;,&quot;Morten Meldal&quot;,&quot;K. Barry Sharpless&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2021,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Benjamin List&quot;,&quot;David W.C. MacMillan&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis&quot;}]</recentLaureates>
    <totalAwards>117</totalAwards>
    <totalLaureates>200</totalLaureates>
    <uniqueIndividuals>198</uniqueIndividuals>
    <individualLaureates></individualLaureates>
    <organizationLaureates></organizationLaureates>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>MEDICINE</code>
    <slug>nobel-prize-medicine</slug>
    <name>Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</name>
    <description>Awarded to individuals who have made the most important discovery in the field of physiology or medicine.</description>
    <awardingInstitution>Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet</awardingInstitution>
    <establishedYear>1901</establishedYear>
    <recentLaureates>[{&quot;year&quot;:2025,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Mary E. Brunkow&quot;,&quot;Fred Ramsdell&quot;,&quot;Shimon Sakaguchi&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2024,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Victor Ambros&quot;,&quot;Gary Ruvkun&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2023,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Katalin Karikó&quot;,&quot;Drew Weissman&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2022,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Svante Pääbo&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2021,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;David Julius&quot;,&quot;Ardem Patapoutian&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch&quot;}]</recentLaureates>
    <totalAwards>116</totalAwards>
    <totalLaureates>232</totalLaureates>
    <uniqueIndividuals>229</uniqueIndividuals>
    <individualLaureates></individualLaureates>
    <organizationLaureates></organizationLaureates>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>LITERATURE</code>
    <slug>nobel-prize-literature</slug>
    <name>Nobel Prize in Literature</name>
    <description>Awarded to authors who have produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction in the field of literature.</description>
    <awardingInstitution>Swedish Academy</awardingInstitution>
    <establishedYear>1901</establishedYear>
    <recentLaureates>[{&quot;year&quot;:2025,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;László Krasznahorkai&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2024,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Han Kang&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2023,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Jon Fosse&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2022,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Annie Ernaux&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2021,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Abdulrazak Gurnah&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee&quot;}]</recentLaureates>
    <totalAwards>118</totalAwards>
    <totalLaureates>122</totalLaureates>
    <uniqueIndividuals>122</uniqueIndividuals>
    <individualLaureates></individualLaureates>
    <organizationLaureates></organizationLaureates>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>PEACE</code>
    <slug>nobel-prize-peace</slug>
    <name>Nobel Peace Prize</name>
    <description>Awarded to individuals or organizations that have contributed most to the promotion of international fraternity and peace.</description>
    <awardingInstitution>Norwegian Nobel Committee</awardingInstitution>
    <establishedYear>1901</establishedYear>
    <recentLaureates>[{&quot;year&quot;:2025,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Maria Corina Machado&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2024,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Nihon Hidankyo&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2023,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Narges Mohammadi&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2022,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Ales Bialiatski&quot;,&quot;Memorial&quot;,&quot;Center for Civil Liberties&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for representing civil society and promoting the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2021,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Maria Ressa&quot;,&quot;Dmitry Muratov&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace&quot;}]</recentLaureates>
    <totalAwards>106</totalAwards>
    <totalLaureates>143</totalLaureates>
    <uniqueIndividuals></uniqueIndividuals>
    <individualLaureates>112</individualLaureates>
    <organizationLaureates>31</organizationLaureates>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>ECONOMICS</code>
    <slug>nobel-prize-economic-sciences</slug>
    <name>Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences</name>
    <description>Awarded to individuals who have made outstanding contributions in the field of economic sciences.</description>
    <awardingInstitution>Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</awardingInstitution>
    <establishedYear>1969</establishedYear>
    <recentLaureates>[{&quot;year&quot;:2025,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Joel Mokyr&quot;,&quot;Philippe Aghion&quot;,&quot;Peter Howitt&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for having explained innovation-driven economic growth and the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2024,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Daron Acemoglu&quot;,&quot;Simon Johnson&quot;,&quot;James A. Robinson&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2023,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Claudia Goldin&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for having advanced our understanding of women&apos;s labour market outcomes&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2022,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;Ben Bernanke&quot;,&quot;Douglas Diamond&quot;,&quot;Philip Dybvig&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for research on banks and financial crises&quot;},{&quot;year&quot;:2021,&quot;laureates&quot;:[&quot;David Card&quot;,&quot;Joshua D. Angrist&quot;,&quot;Guido W. Imbens&quot;],&quot;citation&quot;:&quot;for their empirical contributions to labour economics and methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships&quot;}]</recentLaureates>
    <totalAwards>57</totalAwards>
    <totalLaureates>99</totalLaureates>
    <uniqueIndividuals>99</uniqueIndividuals>
    <individualLaureates></individualLaureates>
    <organizationLaureates></organizationLaureates>
  </item>
</items>