Nobel Prize Laureates - JSON

[
  {
    "code": "PHYSICS",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-physics",
    "name": "Nobel Prize in Physics",
    "description": "Awarded to individuals who have made the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics.",
    "establishedYear": 1901,
    "totalAwards": 119,
    "totalLaureates": 230,
    "uniqueIndividuals": 229,
    "awardingInstitution": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "John Clarke",
          "Michel H. Devoret",
          "John M. Martinis"
        ],
        "citation": "for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "John J. Hopfield",
          "Geoffrey Hinton"
        ],
        "citation": "for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Pierre Agostini",
          "Ferenc Krausz",
          "Anne L'Huillier"
        ],
        "citation": "for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Alain Aspect",
          "John Clauser",
          "Anton Zeilinger"
        ],
        "citation": "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "Syukuro Manabe",
          "Klaus Hasselmann",
          "Giorgio Parisi"
        ],
        "citation": "for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "CHEMISTRY",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-chemistry",
    "name": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry",
    "description": "Awarded to individuals who have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement.",
    "establishedYear": 1901,
    "totalAwards": 117,
    "totalLaureates": 200,
    "uniqueIndividuals": 198,
    "awardingInstitution": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "Susumu Kitagawa",
          "Richard Robson",
          "Omar M. Yaghi"
        ],
        "citation": "for the development of metal-organic frameworks"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "David Baker",
          "Demis Hassabis",
          "John Jumper"
        ],
        "citation": "for computational protein design and protein structure prediction"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Moungi Bawendi",
          "Louis Brus",
          "Aleksey Yekimov"
        ],
        "citation": "for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Carolyn Bertozzi",
          "Morten Meldal",
          "K. Barry Sharpless"
        ],
        "citation": "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "Benjamin List",
          "David W.C. MacMillan"
        ],
        "citation": "for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "MEDICINE",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-medicine",
    "name": "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine",
    "description": "Awarded to individuals who have made the most important discovery in the field of physiology or medicine.",
    "establishedYear": 1901,
    "totalAwards": 116,
    "totalLaureates": 232,
    "uniqueIndividuals": 229,
    "awardingInstitution": "Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "Mary E. Brunkow",
          "Fred Ramsdell",
          "Shimon Sakaguchi"
        ],
        "citation": "for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "Victor Ambros",
          "Gary Ruvkun"
        ],
        "citation": "for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Katalin Karikó",
          "Drew Weissman"
        ],
        "citation": "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Svante Pääbo"
        ],
        "citation": "for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "David Julius",
          "Ardem Patapoutian"
        ],
        "citation": "for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "LITERATURE",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-literature",
    "name": "Nobel Prize in Literature",
    "description": "Awarded to authors who have produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction in the field of literature.",
    "establishedYear": 1901,
    "totalAwards": 118,
    "totalLaureates": 122,
    "uniqueIndividuals": 122,
    "awardingInstitution": "Swedish Academy",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "László Krasznahorkai"
        ],
        "citation": "for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "Han Kang"
        ],
        "citation": "for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Jon Fosse"
        ],
        "citation": "for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Annie Ernaux"
        ],
        "citation": "for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "Abdulrazak Gurnah"
        ],
        "citation": "for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "PEACE",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-peace",
    "name": "Nobel Peace Prize",
    "description": "Awarded to individuals or organizations that have contributed most to the promotion of international fraternity and peace.",
    "establishedYear": 1901,
    "totalAwards": 106,
    "totalLaureates": 143,
    "individualLaureates": 112,
    "organizationLaureates": 31,
    "awardingInstitution": "Norwegian Nobel Committee",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "Maria Corina Machado"
        ],
        "citation": "for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "Nihon Hidankyo"
        ],
        "citation": "for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Narges Mohammadi"
        ],
        "citation": "for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Ales Bialiatski",
          "Memorial",
          "Center for Civil Liberties"
        ],
        "citation": "for representing civil society and promoting the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "Maria Ressa",
          "Dmitry Muratov"
        ],
        "citation": "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "ECONOMICS",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-economic-sciences",
    "name": "Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences",
    "description": "Awarded to individuals who have made outstanding contributions in the field of economic sciences.",
    "establishedYear": 1969,
    "totalAwards": 57,
    "totalLaureates": 99,
    "uniqueIndividuals": 99,
    "awardingInstitution": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "Joel Mokyr",
          "Philippe Aghion",
          "Peter Howitt"
        ],
        "citation": "for having explained innovation-driven economic growth and the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "Daron Acemoglu",
          "Simon Johnson",
          "James A. Robinson"
        ],
        "citation": "for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Claudia Goldin"
        ],
        "citation": "for having advanced our understanding of women's labour market outcomes"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Ben Bernanke",
          "Douglas Diamond",
          "Philip Dybvig"
        ],
        "citation": "for research on banks and financial crises"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "David Card",
          "Joshua D. Angrist",
          "Guido W. Imbens"
        ],
        "citation": "for their empirical contributions to labour economics and methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships"
      }
    ]
  }
]