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pH Scale - XML

The pH scale is a logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration in aqueous solutions. Proposed in 1909 by Danish biochemist S.P.L. Sørensen, it is defined by the formula pH = -log₁₀[H⁺]. A pH of 7 is neutral, 0-6 is acidic, and 8-14 is alkaline (basic). It is widely used in chemistry, biology, agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. As a logarithmic scale where each pH unit represents a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration, a change of 1 pH unit means the acidity or alkalinity changes by a factor of 10.

hydrogen ion concentration acidity alkalinity basicity chemistry aqueous solution logarithmic scale 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<items>
  <item>
    <code>0</code>
    <slug>ph-0-strongly-acidic</slug>
    <name>pH 0 (Strongly Acidic)</name>
    <description>The most strongly acidic pH value.</description>
    <classification>Strongly Acidic</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Hydrochloric Acid (1M)&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;0.0&quot;},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Battery Acid&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;0.0-1.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>0</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>1</code>
    <slug>ph-1-gastric-acid</slug>
    <name>pH 1 (Gastric Acid)</name>
    <description>The pH value of human gastric acid.</description>
    <classification>Strongly Acidic</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Gastric Acid&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;1.0-2.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>1</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>2</code>
    <slug>ph-2-lemon-juice</slug>
    <name>pH 2 (Lemon Juice)</name>
    <description>The pH value of citrus fruits like lemon juice.</description>
    <classification>Acidic</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Lemon Juice&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;2.0-2.3&quot;},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Vinegar&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;2.4-3.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>2</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>3</code>
    <slug>ph-3-orange-juice</slug>
    <name>pH 3 (Orange Juice)</name>
    <description>The pH value of orange juice and soft drinks.</description>
    <classification>Acidic</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Orange Juice&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;3.0-4.0&quot;},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Soft Drinks&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;2.5-3.5&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>3</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>4</code>
    <slug>ph-4-tomato</slug>
    <name>pH 4 (Tomato)</name>
    <description>The pH value of tomatoes and beer.</description>
    <classification>Weakly Acidic</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Tomato&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;4.0-4.6&quot;},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Beer&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;4.0-5.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>4</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>5</code>
    <slug>ph-5-coffee</slug>
    <name>pH 5 (Coffee)</name>
    <description>The pH value of black coffee and rainwater.</description>
    <classification>Weakly Acidic</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Black Coffee&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;5.0&quot;},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Rainwater&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;5.0-5.5&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>5</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>6</code>
    <slug>ph-6-milk</slug>
    <name>pH 6 (Milk)</name>
    <description>The pH value of milk and saliva.</description>
    <classification>Weakly Acidic</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Milk&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;6.5-6.8&quot;},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Saliva&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;6.2-7.4&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>6</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>7</code>
    <slug>ph-7-neutral</slug>
    <name>pH 7 (Neutral)</name>
    <description>The pH of pure water, the boundary between acidic and alkaline.</description>
    <classification>Neutral</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Pure Water&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;7.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>7</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>8</code>
    <slug>ph-8-seawater</slug>
    <name>pH 8 (Seawater)</name>
    <description>The pH value of seawater.</description>
    <classification>Weakly Alkaline</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Seawater&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;8.0-8.5&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>8</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>9</code>
    <slug>ph-9-baking-soda</slug>
    <name>pH 9 (Baking Soda)</name>
    <description>The pH value of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate).</description>
    <classification>Weakly Alkaline</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Baking Soda&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;8.3-9.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>9</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>10</code>
    <slug>ph-10-soap</slug>
    <name>pH 10 (Soap)</name>
    <description>The pH value of soap and borax.</description>
    <classification>Alkaline</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Soap&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;9.0-10.0&quot;},{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Borax&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;9.0-10.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>10</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>11</code>
    <slug>ph-11-ammonia</slug>
    <name>pH 11 (Ammonia)</name>
    <description>The pH value of ammonia solution.</description>
    <classification>Alkaline</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Ammonia Solution&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;11.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>11</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>12</code>
    <slug>ph-12-bleach</slug>
    <name>pH 12 (Bleach)</name>
    <description>The pH value of household bleach.</description>
    <classification>Strongly Alkaline</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Bleach&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;12.0-13.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>12</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>13</code>
    <slug>ph-13-lye</slug>
    <name>pH 13 (Sodium Hydroxide)</name>
    <description>The pH value of sodium hydroxide (lye/caustic soda).</description>
    <classification>Strongly Alkaline</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Sodium Hydroxide (Lye)&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;13.0-14.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>13</phValue>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>14</code>
    <slug>ph-14-strongly-alkaline</slug>
    <name>pH 14 (Most Strongly Alkaline)</name>
    <description>The most strongly alkaline pH value.</description>
    <classification>Strongly Alkaline</classification>
    <examples>[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Sodium Hydroxide (1M)&quot;,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;14.0&quot;}]</examples>
    <phValue>14</phValue>
  </item>
</items>