INI

Politics, Law & Society - INI

Politics, Law & Society are three fundamental domains that form the foundation of Japan's national governance and social operation. Administration is carried out by administrative agencies with the Cabinet at the top, while law is classified into three systems: public law, private law, and social law. Social institutions consist of areas such as social security, education, healthcare, and labor, forming important mechanisms that support citizens' lives. These domains are interrelated and contribute to the stability and development of modern society.

administration law social system Japanese politics legal system social security public policy

[item.administrative-law]
code=01
slug=administrative-law
name=Administrative Law
description=The legal field that regulates state administrative activities.
category=Public Law

[item.constitutional-law]
code=02
slug=constitutional-law
name=Constitutional Law
description=The supreme law that defines the basic organization of the state and fundamental human rights.
category=Public Law

[item.criminal-law]
code=03
slug=criminal-law
name=Criminal Law
description=The legal field that defines crimes and punishments.
category=Public Law

[item.civil-law]
code=04
slug=civil-law
name=Civil Law
description=The fundamental law that defines rights and obligations between private parties.
category=Private Law

[item.commercial-law]
code=05
slug=commercial-law
name=Commercial Law
description=The legal field that regulates businesses and commercial transactions.
category=Private Law

[item.labor-law]
code=06
slug=labor-law
name=Labor Law
description=The legal field that regulates labor relations.
category=Social Law

[item.social-security-law]
code=07
slug=social-security-law
name=Social Security Law
description=The legal field that defines social security systems.
category=Social Law

[item.cabinet]
code=08
slug=cabinet
name=Cabinet
description=The highest administrative organ of Japan.
category=Administrative Agency

[item.ministries-agencies]
code=09
slug=ministries-agencies
name=Ministries and Agencies
description=Major administrative agencies placed under the Cabinet.
category=Administrative Agency

[item.local-government]
code=10
slug=local-government
name=Local Government
description=Regional governance system by local public entities.
category=Administrative Agency

[item.education-system]
code=11
slug=education-system
name=Education System
description=Education system including school and social education.
category=Social Institution

[item.healthcare-system]
code=12
slug=healthcare-system
name=Healthcare System
description=Healthcare system based on universal health coverage.
category=Social Institution

[item.tax-law]
code=13
slug=tax-law
name=Tax Law
description=The legal field that defines tax imposition and collection.
category=Public Law

[item.environmental-law]
code=14
slug=environmental-law
name=Environmental Law
description=The legal field aimed at environmental protection.
category=Public Law

[item.family-law]
code=15
slug=family-law
name=Family Law
description=The legal field that regulates family relations.
category=Private Law