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Precious Metals and Purity Standards - JSON
Precious metals types and purity are essential criteria for determining the value of jewelry and investment bullion. Gold uses karat markings from K24 to K10, while silver, platinum, and palladium use millesimal fineness. This includes hallmarking systems by country and international standards for quality assurance.
precious metals
gold
silver
platinum
palladium
purity
hallmark
jewelry
bullion
investment
[
{
"code": "AU",
"slug": "gold",
"name": "Gold",
"description": "The most valuable precious metal, with purity expressed in karats (24 parts).",
"chemicalSymbol": "Au",
"atomicNumber": 79,
"purityStandards": [
{
"mark": "K24 / 999 / 999.9",
"fineness": 999,
"percentage": 99.9,
"description": "Pure gold / 24 karat. Highest purity, used for bullion and investment."
},
{
"mark": "K22 / 916",
"fineness": 916,
"percentage": 91.6,
"description": "22 karat. Widely used in traditional jewelry in India and the Middle East."
},
{
"mark": "K20 / 835",
"fineness": 835,
"percentage": 83.5,
"description": "20 karat. Traditional European standard, less common today."
},
{
"mark": "K18 / 750",
"fineness": 750,
"percentage": 75,
"description": "18 karat. Most common for jewelry. Good balance of hardness and beauty."
},
{
"mark": "K14 / 585",
"fineness": 585,
"percentage": 58.5,
"description": "14 karat. Common in Europe and America. More affordable than K18 in Japan."
},
{
"mark": "K12 / 500",
"fineness": 500,
"percentage": 50,
"description": "12 karat. Minimum purity for jewelry in Japan."
},
{
"mark": "K10 / 416",
"fineness": 416,
"percentage": 41.6,
"description": "10 karat. Common in the USA. May not be recognized as precious metal in Japan."
},
{
"mark": "K9 / 375",
"fineness": 375,
"percentage": 37.5,
"description": "9 karat. Common minimum standard in UK and Europe."
}
],
"colors": [
{
"name": "Yellow Gold",
"alloy": "Silver, Copper",
"description": "Classic warm yellow appearance"
},
{
"name": "White Gold",
"alloy": "Palladium, Nickel, Zinc",
"description": "Silvery-white appearance, often rhodium plated"
},
{
"name": "Rose Gold",
"alloy": "Copper (higher ratio)",
"description": "Pinkish-copper tone"
}
]
},
{
"code": "AG",
"slug": "silver",
"name": "Silver",
"description": "Purity expressed in millesimal fineness, with SV925 being the most common standard.",
"chemicalSymbol": "Ag",
"atomicNumber": 47,
"purityStandards": [
{
"mark": "SV1000 / Ag999 / Ag1000",
"fineness": 999,
"percentage": 99.9,
"description": "Fine silver. Used for bullion and crafts. Very soft."
},
{
"mark": "SV950",
"fineness": 950,
"percentage": 95,
"description": "Britannia silver. High purity silver used in the UK."
},
{
"mark": "SV925",
"fineness": 925,
"percentage": 92.5,
"description": "Sterling silver. Most common standard for jewelry and tableware."
},
{
"mark": "SV900",
"fineness": 900,
"percentage": 90,
"description": "Coin silver. Used in old silver coins and some jewelry."
},
{
"mark": "SV800",
"fineness": 800,
"percentage": 80,
"description": "Common European standard. Used for tableware and decorative items."
}
]
},
{
"code": "PT",
"slug": "platinum",
"name": "Platinum",
"description": "Highly rare precious metal with purity expressed in millesimal fineness. Pt900 is common.",
"chemicalSymbol": "Pt",
"atomicNumber": 78,
"purityStandards": [
{
"mark": "Pt1000 / Pt999",
"fineness": 999,
"percentage": 99.9,
"description": "Pure platinum. Used for bullion and industrial applications."
},
{
"mark": "Pt950",
"fineness": 950,
"percentage": 95,
"description": "High purity platinum. Widely used for engagement and wedding rings."
},
{
"mark": "Pt900",
"fineness": 900,
"percentage": 90,
"description": "Most common for Japanese jewelry. Good balance of hardness and luster."
},
{
"mark": "Pt850",
"fineness": 850,
"percentage": 85,
"description": "Minimum purity recognized as precious metal in Japan."
},
{
"mark": "Pt500",
"fineness": 500,
"percentage": 50,
"description": "Minimum purity recognized in the UK."
}
]
},
{
"code": "PD",
"slug": "palladium",
"name": "Palladium",
"description": "Platinum group element with a white luster similar to platinum.",
"chemicalSymbol": "Pd",
"atomicNumber": 46,
"purityStandards": [
{
"mark": "Pd1000 / Pd999",
"fineness": 999,
"percentage": 99.9,
"description": "Pure palladium. Used for bullion and industrial applications."
},
{
"mark": "Pd950",
"fineness": 950,
"percentage": 95,
"description": "Most common for jewelry. Elegant luster similar to platinum."
},
{
"mark": "Pd900",
"fineness": 900,
"percentage": 90,
"description": "Common purity for Japanese jewelry and accessories."
},
{
"mark": "Pd500",
"fineness": 500,
"percentage": 50,
"description": "Minimum purity recognized in the UK."
}
]
},
{
"code": "RH",
"slug": "rhodium",
"name": "Rhodium",
"description": "Platinum group element primarily used for plating applications.",
"chemicalSymbol": "Rh",
"atomicNumber": 45,
"purityStandards": [
{
"mark": "Rh",
"fineness": 999,
"percentage": 99.9,
"description": "Pure rhodium. Used for plating applications."
}
]
},
{
"code": "IR",
"slug": "iridium",
"name": "Iridium",
"description": "The densest platinum group element.",
"chemicalSymbol": "Ir",
"atomicNumber": 77,
"purityStandards": []
},
{
"code": "RU",
"slug": "ruthenium",
"name": "Ruthenium",
"description": "Platinum group element widely used in industrial applications.",
"chemicalSymbol": "Ru",
"atomicNumber": 44,
"purityStandards": []
},
{
"code": "OS",
"slug": "osmium",
"name": "Osmium",
"description": "One of the densest elements, used in industrial applications.",
"chemicalSymbol": "Os",
"atomicNumber": 76,
"purityStandards": []
}
]