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YAML

Precious Metals and Purity Standards - YAML

Precious metals types and purity are essential criteria for determining the value of jewelry and investment bullion. Gold uses karat markings from K24 to K10, while silver, platinum, and palladium use millesimal fineness. This includes hallmarking systems by country and international standards for quality assurance.

precious metals gold silver platinum palladium purity hallmark jewelry bullion investment 
- code: "AU"
  slug: "gold"
  name: "Gold"
  description: "The most valuable precious metal, with purity expressed in karats (24 parts)."
  chemicalSymbol: "Au"
  atomicNumber: 79
  purityStandards:
    - mark: "K24 / 999 / 999.9"
      fineness: 999
      percentage: 99.9
      description: "Pure gold / 24 karat. Highest purity, used for bullion and investment."
    - mark: "K22 / 916"
      fineness: 916
      percentage: 91.6
      description: "22 karat. Widely used in traditional jewelry in India and the Middle East."
    - mark: "K20 / 835"
      fineness: 835
      percentage: 83.5
      description: "20 karat. Traditional European standard, less common today."
    - mark: "K18 / 750"
      fineness: 750
      percentage: 75
      description: "18 karat. Most common for jewelry. Good balance of hardness and beauty."
    - mark: "K14 / 585"
      fineness: 585
      percentage: 58.5
      description: "14 karat. Common in Europe and America. More affordable than K18 in Japan."
    - mark: "K12 / 500"
      fineness: 500
      percentage: 50
      description: "12 karat. Minimum purity for jewelry in Japan."
    - mark: "K10 / 416"
      fineness: 416
      percentage: 41.6
      description: "10 karat. Common in the USA. May not be recognized as precious metal in Japan."
    - mark: "K9 / 375"
      fineness: 375
      percentage: 37.5
      description: "9 karat. Common minimum standard in UK and Europe."
  colors:
    - name: "Yellow Gold"
      alloy: "Silver, Copper"
      description: "Classic warm yellow appearance"
    - name: "White Gold"
      alloy: "Palladium, Nickel, Zinc"
      description: "Silvery-white appearance, often rhodium plated"
    - name: "Rose Gold"
      alloy: "Copper (higher ratio)"
      description: "Pinkish-copper tone"
- code: "AG"
  slug: "silver"
  name: "Silver"
  description: "Purity expressed in millesimal fineness, with SV925 being the most common standard."
  chemicalSymbol: "Ag"
  atomicNumber: 47
  purityStandards:
    - mark: "SV1000 / Ag999 / Ag1000"
      fineness: 999
      percentage: 99.9
      description: "Fine silver. Used for bullion and crafts. Very soft."
    - mark: "SV950"
      fineness: 950
      percentage: 95
      description: "Britannia silver. High purity silver used in the UK."
    - mark: "SV925"
      fineness: 925
      percentage: 92.5
      description: "Sterling silver. Most common standard for jewelry and tableware."
    - mark: "SV900"
      fineness: 900
      percentage: 90
      description: "Coin silver. Used in old silver coins and some jewelry."
    - mark: "SV800"
      fineness: 800
      percentage: 80
      description: "Common European standard. Used for tableware and decorative items."
- code: "PT"
  slug: "platinum"
  name: "Platinum"
  description: "Highly rare precious metal with purity expressed in millesimal fineness. Pt900 is common."
  chemicalSymbol: "Pt"
  atomicNumber: 78
  purityStandards:
    - mark: "Pt1000 / Pt999"
      fineness: 999
      percentage: 99.9
      description: "Pure platinum. Used for bullion and industrial applications."
    - mark: "Pt950"
      fineness: 950
      percentage: 95
      description: "High purity platinum. Widely used for engagement and wedding rings."
    - mark: "Pt900"
      fineness: 900
      percentage: 90
      description: "Most common for Japanese jewelry. Good balance of hardness and luster."
    - mark: "Pt850"
      fineness: 850
      percentage: 85
      description: "Minimum purity recognized as precious metal in Japan."
    - mark: "Pt500"
      fineness: 500
      percentage: 50
      description: "Minimum purity recognized in the UK."
- code: "PD"
  slug: "palladium"
  name: "Palladium"
  description: "Platinum group element with a white luster similar to platinum."
  chemicalSymbol: "Pd"
  atomicNumber: 46
  purityStandards:
    - mark: "Pd1000 / Pd999"
      fineness: 999
      percentage: 99.9
      description: "Pure palladium. Used for bullion and industrial applications."
    - mark: "Pd950"
      fineness: 950
      percentage: 95
      description: "Most common for jewelry. Elegant luster similar to platinum."
    - mark: "Pd900"
      fineness: 900
      percentage: 90
      description: "Common purity for Japanese jewelry and accessories."
    - mark: "Pd500"
      fineness: 500
      percentage: 50
      description: "Minimum purity recognized in the UK."
- code: "RH"
  slug: "rhodium"
  name: "Rhodium"
  description: "Platinum group element primarily used for plating applications."
  chemicalSymbol: "Rh"
  atomicNumber: 45
  purityStandards:
    - mark: "Rh"
      fineness: 999
      percentage: 99.9
      description: "Pure rhodium. Used for plating applications."
- code: "IR"
  slug: "iridium"
  name: "Iridium"
  description: "The densest platinum group element."
  chemicalSymbol: "Ir"
  atomicNumber: 77
  purityStandards:
[]
- code: "RU"
  slug: "ruthenium"
  name: "Ruthenium"
  description: "Platinum group element widely used in industrial applications."
  chemicalSymbol: "Ru"
  atomicNumber: 44
  purityStandards:
[]
- code: "OS"
  slug: "osmium"
  name: "Osmium"
  description: "One of the densest elements, used in industrial applications."
  chemicalSymbol: "Os"
  atomicNumber: 76
  purityStandards:
[]