INI

Sexually Transmitted Infections - INI

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a general term for infections primarily transmitted through sexual activity. In Japan, surveillance is conducted for five diseases: syphilis, gonococcal infection, genital chlamydia infection, genital herpes virus infection, and condyloma acuminatum. In recent years, particularly syphilis cases have surged dramatically, reaching a record high of 14,906 cases in 2023. Many STIs can be cured with early detection and appropriate treatment, but if left untreated, they can cause infertility and serious complications.

sexually transmitted infections syphilis gonorrhea chlamydia herpes HIV infectious disease sexual health prevention screening

[item.hiv-aids]
code=01
slug=hiv-aids
name=HIV/AIDS
description=An infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus that leads to decreased immune function.
curable=false
pathogen=Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
treatment=Antiretroviral therapy (difficult to cure completely but controllable)

[item.syphilis]
code=02
slug=syphilis
name=Syphilis
description=An infection caused by Treponema pallidum, characterized by sores and ulcers on genitals or mouth.
curable=true
pathogen=Treponema pallidum
treatment=Curable with antibiotics such as penicillin

[item.gonorrhea]
code=03
slug=gonorrhea
name=Gonorrhea
description=An infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, characterized by pain during urination and purulent discharge.
curable=true
pathogen=Neisseria gonorrhoeae
treatment=Curable with antibiotics (note drug-resistant strains)

[item.chlamydia]
code=04
slug=chlamydia
name=Genital Chlamydia Infection
description=An infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, the most commonly reported STI in Japan.
curable=true
pathogen=Chlamydia trachomatis
treatment=Curable with antibiotics

[item.genital-herpes]
code=05
slug=genital-herpes
name=Genital Herpes
description=An infection caused by herpes simplex virus, causing blisters and ulcers on genitals with recurrent outbreaks.
curable=false
pathogen=Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1, HSV-2)
treatment=Symptomatic treatment with antiviral drugs (difficult to cure completely)

[item.condyloma-acuminatum]
code=06
slug=condyloma-acuminatum
name=Condyloma Acuminatum
description=Wart-like lesions on genitals or around the anus caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
curable=true
pathogen=Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
treatment=Topical medications, cryotherapy, laser treatment, surgery, etc.

[item.trichomoniasis]
code=07
slug=trichomoniasis
name=Trichomoniasis
description=An infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, characterized by yellow-green frothy discharge.
curable=true
pathogen=Trichomonas vaginalis
treatment=Curable with antibiotics (such as metronidazole)

[item.hepatitis-b]
code=08
slug=hepatitis-b
name=Hepatitis B
description=An infection caused by hepatitis B virus, transmitted through blood and sexual contact.
curable=false
pathogen=Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
treatment=Treatment with antiviral drugs (preventable by vaccine)

[item.hepatitis-c]
code=09
slug=hepatitis-c
name=Hepatitis C
description=An infection caused by hepatitis C virus, primarily transmitted through blood.
curable=true
pathogen=Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
treatment=Approximately 95% curable with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)

[item.mycoplasma-genitalium]
code=10
slug=mycoplasma-genitalium
name=Mycoplasma Genitalium Infection
description=An infection caused by Mycoplasma genitalium, causing urethritis and cervicitis.
curable=true
pathogen=Mycoplasma genitalium
treatment=Curable with antibiotics (note drug-resistant strains)