Sleep Disorders - INI

[item.insomnia]
code=ICSD-1
slug=insomnia
name=Insomnia
description=A disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep despite wanting to sleep.
category=Insomnia
diagnosis=["sleep diary","ICSD-3 diagnostic criteria","DSM-5 diagnostic criteria","symptoms occurring 3+ times/week for 3+ months","confirmation of daytime impairment"]
symptoms=["difficulty falling asleep","frequent awakenings","early morning awakening","non-restorative sleep","daytime fatigue","decreased concentration"]
treatments=["cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)","orexin receptor antagonists","sleep hygiene education","stimulus control","sleep restriction therapy"]
complications=
severity=
types=
prevalence=

[item.sleep-apnea-syndrome]
code=ICSD-2
slug=sleep-apnea-syndrome
name=Sleep Apnea Syndrome
description=A disorder where breathing temporarily stops or decreases during sleep, causing hypoxemia.
category=Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
diagnosis=["polysomnography (PSG)","home sleep testing","AHI measurement","Epworth Sleepiness Scale"]
symptoms=["snoring","breathing pauses","nocturia","excessive daytime sleepiness","morning headaches","decreased concentration"]
treatments=["CPAP therapy","oral appliances","positional therapy","weight loss and exercise","surgical treatment"]
complications=["hypertension","arrhythmia","heart failure","diabetes","cognitive impairment"]
severity=["Mild: AHI 5-14","Moderate: AHI 15-29","Severe: AHI 30+"]
types=["Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)","Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)","Mixed type"]
prevalence=

[item.narcolepsy]
code=ICSD-3
slug=narcolepsy
name=Narcolepsy
description=A central disorder of hypersomnolence characterized by irresistible daytime sleepiness despite adequate sleep.
category=Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence
diagnosis=["PSG (polysomnography)","MSLT (Multiple Sleep Latency Test)","cerebrospinal fluid orexin level","HLA-DQB1*06:02 testing"]
symptoms=["excessive daytime sleepiness","cataplexy (muscle weakness triggered by emotions)","hypnagogic hallucinations","sleep paralysis","sudden sleep attacks"]
treatments=["wakefulness-promoting agents (modafinil, solriamfetol)","orexin receptor agonists","antidepressants (for cataplexy)","scheduled naps","regular sleep habits"]
complications=
severity=
types=["Type 1: Narcolepsy with cataplexy","Type 2: Narcolepsy without cataplexy"]
prevalence=Approximately 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 3,000 (estimated 40,000 patients in Japan)

[item.circadian-rhythm-disorder]
code=ICSD-4
slug=circadian-rhythm-disorder
name=Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
description=Disorders where the internal body clock is misaligned with the external environment.
category=Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
diagnosis=
symptoms=
treatments=
complications=
severity=
types=["Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder","Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder","Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder","Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder","Jet Lag","Shift Work Disorder"]
prevalence=

[item.parasomnia]
code=ICSD-5
slug=parasomnia
name=Parasomnias
description=Disorders characterized by abnormal behaviors or experiences during sleep or sleep-wake transitions.
category=Parasomnias
diagnosis=
symptoms=
treatments=
complications=
severity=
types=["NREM-related: sleepwalking, night terrors, confusional arousals","REM-related: REM sleep behavior disorder, nightmare disorder, sleep paralysis"]
prevalence=

[item.sleep-related-movement-disorder]
code=ICSD-6
slug=sleep-related-movement-disorder
name=Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
description=Disorders characterized by simple, repeated movements during sleep or at sleep onset.
category=Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
diagnosis=
symptoms=
treatments=
complications=
severity=
types=["Restless Legs Syndrome","Periodic Limb Movement Disorder","Sleep-Related Bruxism","Sleep-Related Seizures"]
prevalence=