YAML

バイオーム(生態系の種類) - YAML

バイオームとは、気候、植生、動物相が類似した大規模な生態系のことです。気候条件(特に気温と降水量)によって形成され、森林、草原、砂漠、ツンドラ、湿地、海洋などの主要タイプに分類されます。それぞれのバイオームは独自の生物多様性と生態系サービスを提供し、地球の生命維持に不可欠な役割を果たしています。

生態系 バイオーム 気候 植生 生物多様性 環境科学 生物学 地理
- code: "01"
  slug: "forest"
  name: "森林"
  description: "木本植物が優占する陸上バイオームです。"
  subtypes:
    - code: "01-01"
      slug: "tropical-rainforest"
      name: "熱帯雨林"
    - code: "01-02"
      slug: "temperate-forest"
      name: "温帯林"
    - code: "01-03"
      slug: "boreal-forest"
      name: "針葉樹林(タイガ)"
  characteristics:
    climate: "温暖〜寒冷、湿潤"
    precipitation: "750mm以上/年"
    vegetation: "高木、低木、草本"
    biodiversity: "非常に高い"
- code: "02"
  slug: "desert"
  name: "砂漠"
  description: "極めて乾燥した陸上バイオームです。"
  subtypes:
    - code: "02-01"
      slug: "hot-desert"
      name: "高温砂漠"
    - code: "02-02"
      slug: "cold-desert"
      name: "寒冷砂漠"
    - code: "02-03"
      slug: "coastal-desert"
      name: "沿岸砂漠"
    - code: "02-04"
      slug: "semiarid"
      name: "半乾燥地"
  characteristics:
    climate: "乾燥、日較差・年較差大"
    precipitation: "250mm未満/年"
    vegetation: "多肉植物、低木、草本"
    biodiversity: "低い"
- code: "03"
  slug: "grassland"
  name: "草原"
  description: "草本植物が優占する陸上バイオームです。"
  subtypes:
    - code: "03-01"
      slug: "savanna"
      name: "サバンナ(熱帯草原)"
    - code: "03-02"
      slug: "steppe"
      name: "ステップ(温帯草原)"
    - code: "03-03"
      slug: "prairie"
      name: "プレーリー"
    - code: "03-04"
      slug: "pampas"
      name: "パンパス"
  characteristics:
    climate: "乾燥〜半湿潤"
    precipitation: "250-1000mm/年"
    vegetation: "草本(イネ科主体)"
    biodiversity: "中程度"
- code: "04"
  slug: "tundra"
  name: "ツンドラ"
  description: "極地・高山に分布する寒冷バイオームです。"
  subtypes:
    - code: "04-01"
      slug: "arctic-tundra"
      name: "極北ツンドラ"
    - code: "04-02"
      slug: "alpine-tundra"
      name: "高山ツンドラ"
  characteristics:
    climate: "極寒、短い夏季"
    precipitation: "150-250mm/年(主に雪)"
    vegetation: "コケ、地衣類、草本"
    biodiversity: "低い"
- code: "05"
  slug: "wetland"
  name: "湿地"
  description: "水に覆われた陸域・水域遷移帯のバイオームです。"
  subtypes:
    - code: "05-01"
      slug: "marsh"
      name: "沼"
    - code: "05-02"
      slug: "swamp"
      name: "沢"
    - code: "05-03"
      slug: "bog"
      name: "高位泥炭地"
    - code: "05-04"
      slug: "fen"
      name: "低位泥炭地"
  characteristics:
    climate: "多様"
    precipitation: "豊富または水没"
    vegetation: "水生・湿生植物"
    biodiversity: "高い"
- code: "06"
  slug: "ocean"
  name: "海洋"
  description: "地球表面の約71%を占める水域バイオームです。"
  subtypes:
    - code: "06-01"
      slug: "coral-reef"
      name: "サンゴ礁"
    - code: "06-02"
      slug: "open-ocean"
      name: "外洋"
    - code: "06-03"
      slug: "deep-sea"
      name: "深海"
    - code: "06-04"
      slug: "estuary"
      name: "河口域"
  characteristics:
    climate: "多様(極地〜熱帯)"
    precipitation: "N/A(塩水環境)"
    vegetation: "藻類、海草"
    biodiversity: "非常に高い"