YAML
バイオーム(生態系の種類) - YAML
バイオームとは、気候、植生、動物相が類似した大規模な生態系のことです。気候条件(特に気温と降水量)によって形成され、森林、草原、砂漠、ツンドラ、湿地、海洋などの主要タイプに分類されます。それぞれのバイオームは独自の生物多様性と生態系サービスを提供し、地球の生命維持に不可欠な役割を果たしています。
生態系
バイオーム
気候
植生
生物多様性
環境科学
生物学
地理
- code: "01"
slug: "forest"
name: "森林"
description: "木本植物が優占する陸上バイオームです。"
subtypes:
- code: "01-01"
slug: "tropical-rainforest"
name: "熱帯雨林"
- code: "01-02"
slug: "temperate-forest"
name: "温帯林"
- code: "01-03"
slug: "boreal-forest"
name: "針葉樹林(タイガ)"
characteristics:
climate: "温暖〜寒冷、湿潤"
precipitation: "750mm以上/年"
vegetation: "高木、低木、草本"
biodiversity: "非常に高い"
- code: "02"
slug: "desert"
name: "砂漠"
description: "極めて乾燥した陸上バイオームです。"
subtypes:
- code: "02-01"
slug: "hot-desert"
name: "高温砂漠"
- code: "02-02"
slug: "cold-desert"
name: "寒冷砂漠"
- code: "02-03"
slug: "coastal-desert"
name: "沿岸砂漠"
- code: "02-04"
slug: "semiarid"
name: "半乾燥地"
characteristics:
climate: "乾燥、日較差・年較差大"
precipitation: "250mm未満/年"
vegetation: "多肉植物、低木、草本"
biodiversity: "低い"
- code: "03"
slug: "grassland"
name: "草原"
description: "草本植物が優占する陸上バイオームです。"
subtypes:
- code: "03-01"
slug: "savanna"
name: "サバンナ(熱帯草原)"
- code: "03-02"
slug: "steppe"
name: "ステップ(温帯草原)"
- code: "03-03"
slug: "prairie"
name: "プレーリー"
- code: "03-04"
slug: "pampas"
name: "パンパス"
characteristics:
climate: "乾燥〜半湿潤"
precipitation: "250-1000mm/年"
vegetation: "草本(イネ科主体)"
biodiversity: "中程度"
- code: "04"
slug: "tundra"
name: "ツンドラ"
description: "極地・高山に分布する寒冷バイオームです。"
subtypes:
- code: "04-01"
slug: "arctic-tundra"
name: "極北ツンドラ"
- code: "04-02"
slug: "alpine-tundra"
name: "高山ツンドラ"
characteristics:
climate: "極寒、短い夏季"
precipitation: "150-250mm/年(主に雪)"
vegetation: "コケ、地衣類、草本"
biodiversity: "低い"
- code: "05"
slug: "wetland"
name: "湿地"
description: "水に覆われた陸域・水域遷移帯のバイオームです。"
subtypes:
- code: "05-01"
slug: "marsh"
name: "沼"
- code: "05-02"
slug: "swamp"
name: "沢"
- code: "05-03"
slug: "bog"
name: "高位泥炭地"
- code: "05-04"
slug: "fen"
name: "低位泥炭地"
characteristics:
climate: "多様"
precipitation: "豊富または水没"
vegetation: "水生・湿生植物"
biodiversity: "高い"
- code: "06"
slug: "ocean"
name: "海洋"
description: "地球表面の約71%を占める水域バイオームです。"
subtypes:
- code: "06-01"
slug: "coral-reef"
name: "サンゴ礁"
- code: "06-02"
slug: "open-ocean"
name: "外洋"
- code: "06-03"
slug: "deep-sea"
name: "深海"
- code: "06-04"
slug: "estuary"
name: "河口域"
characteristics:
climate: "多様(極地〜熱帯)"
precipitation: "N/A(塩水環境)"
vegetation: "藻類、海草"
biodiversity: "非常に高い"