Markdown

Database Types - Markdown

Database types are categories of database management systems classified according to data structure and usage. In addition to relational databases (RDBMS), there are various NoSQL databases including key-value stores, document stores, column-family stores, and graph databases. Recently, vector databases, time-series databases, and multi-model databases have also emerged. Each database type has different data models and query methods, making appropriate selection based on use case an important element of system design.

database RDBMS NoSQL SQL data management system design backend

| code | slug | name | description | category | examples |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| RDB | relational-database | Relational Database | A traditional database that manages data in table format and is operated using SQL. | SQL Database | ["MySQL","PostgreSQL","Oracle Database","SQL Server","MariaDB","SQLite"] |
| KV | key-value-store | Key-Value Store | A NoSQL database that stores data as simple key-value pairs. | NoSQL Database | ["Redis","Amazon DynamoDB","Memcached","etcd","Riak","Aerospike"] |
| DOC | document-database | Document Database | A database that flexibly manages data in document formats such as JSON and BSON. | NoSQL Database | ["MongoDB","CouchDB","Couchbase","RavenDB","Firebase Firestore"] |
| COL | column-family-database | Column-Family Database | A database that manages data by columns and is suitable for large-scale data analytics. | NoSQL Database | ["Apache Cassandra","HBase","ScyllaDB","Google Bigtable","Amazon Redshift"] |
| GRAPH | graph-database | Graph Database | A database that represents relationships using nodes and edges, suitable for complex relationship queries. | NoSQL Database | ["Neo4j","Amazon Neptune","ArangoDB","OrientDB","NebulaGraph","Dgraph"] |
| TS | time-series-database | Time-Series Database | A database optimized for high-speed writing and querying of timestamped data. | Specialized Database | ["InfluxDB","TimescaleDB","Prometheus","Kdb","OpenTSDB","QuestDB"] |
| VECTOR | vector-database | Vector Database | A database that stores AI/ML embedding vectors and performs fast similarity searches. | Specialized Database | ["Pinecone","Milvus","Weaviate","Qdrant","Chroma","pgvector","Faiss"] |
| MULTI | multi-model-database | Multi-Model Database | A database that supports multiple data models within a single system. | Specialized Database | ["ArangoDB","OrientDB","Couchbase","FaunaDB","Azure Cosmos DB"] |
| NEWSQL | newsql-database | NewSQL Database | A database that combines ACID compliance of RDB with horizontal scalability of NoSQL. | Distributed Database | ["CockroachDB","Google Cloud Spanner","TiDB","YugabyteDB","Vitess"] |
| SEARCH | search-engine-database | Search Engine Database | A high-performance search system specialized in full-text and vector search. | Specialized Database | ["Elasticsearch","Amazon OpenSearch","Apache Solr","Typesense","Meilisearch"] |
| INMEM | in-memory-database | In-Memory Database | A database that keeps data in memory, eliminating disk access for ultra-fast performance. | High-Performance Database | ["Redis","SAP HANA","Memcached","VoltDB","Aerospike","Tarantool"] |