TOML
Disaster Types and Measurements - TOML
Japan is one of the world's most disaster-prone countries, experiencing various natural disasters including earthquakes, typhoons, floods, sediment disasters, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. This data systematically organizes these disaster types and the measurement indicators defined by agencies such as the Japan Meteorological Agency, Fire and Disaster Management Agency, and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (seismic intensity, magnitude, typhoon strength and size, water levels, alert levels, etc.). It serves as a useful resource for disaster prevention measures and understanding disaster risks.
natural disasters
disaster prevention
JMA
seismic intensity
magnitude
typhoon
flood
sediment disaster
volcanic eruption
tsunami
alert level
[[items]]
code = "E001"
slug = "earthquake-intensity"
name = "Earthquake (Seismic Intensity)"
description = "An indicator representing the strength of seismic motion at a specific location, expressed in 10 levels from 0 to 7."
category = "earthquake"
measurementUnit = "seismic intensity scale"
scale = "[\"0\",\"1\",\"2\",\"3\",\"4\",\"5-lower\",\"5-upper\",\"6-lower\",\"6-upper\",\"7\"]"
note = ""
scale_en = ""
scale_ja = ""
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "E002"
slug = "earthquake-magnitude"
name = "Earthquake (Magnitude)"
description = "An indicator representing the scale of the earthquake itself (amount of energy)."
category = "earthquake"
measurementUnit = "M (magnitude scale)"
scale = ""
note = "M8以上の巨大地震ではモーメントマグニチュード（Mw）を使用"
scale_en = ""
scale_ja = ""
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "T001"
slug = "typhoon-strength"
name = "Typhoon (Strength)"
description = "Classification of typhoon strength based on maximum wind speed, expressed in 4 levels."
category = "typhoon"
measurementUnit = "m/s (meters per second)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"-\",\"Typhoon\",\"Strong\",\"Very Strong\",\"Violent\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"-\",\"台風\",\"強い\",\"非常に強い\",\"猛烈な\"]"
scale_windSpeed = "[\"17-25\",\"25-33\",\"33-44\",\"44-54\",\"54+\"]"
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "T002"
slug = "typhoon-size"
name = "Typhoon (Size)"
description = "Classification of typhoon size based on the radius of the gale-force wind area."
category = "typhoon"
measurementUnit = "km (radius)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"-\",\"Large\",\"Very Large\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"-\",\"大型\",\"超大型\"]"
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = "[\"<500\",\"500-800\",\"800+\"]"
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "F001"
slug = "flood-water-level"
name = "Flood (Water Level)"
description = "Indicator for flood risk judgment based on river water levels."
category = "flood"
measurementUnit = "m (meters above sea level or warning reference)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = ""
scale_ja = ""
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = "[\"Planned High Water\",\"Flood Danger Level\",\"Evacuation Decision Level\"]"
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "S001"
slug = "sediment-disaster-alert"
name = "Sediment Disaster (Alert Level)"
description = "A 5-level alert system indicating the danger level of sediment disasters (debris flows, landslides, slope failures)."
category = "sediment"
measurementUnit = "alert level (1-5)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"Level 1\",\"Level 2\",\"Level 3\",\"Level 4\",\"Level 5\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"レベル1\",\"レベル2\",\"レベル3\",\"レベル4\",\"レベル5\"]"
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = "[\"Heighten disaster awareness\",\"Check evacuation actions\",\"Elderly and vulnerable evacuate\",\"Everyone evacuate from danger\",\"Life-threatening, secure safety immediately\"]"
scale_descriptionJa = "[\"災害への心構えを高める\",\"自らの避難行動を確認\",\"高齢者等は避難\",\"危険な場所から全員避難\",\"命の危険 直ちに安全確保\"]"
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "V001"
slug = "volcanic-alert-level"
name = "Volcanic Eruption (Volcanic Alert Level)"
description = "A 5-level alert system indicating volcanic activity danger levels, operational since December 2007."
category = "volcano"
measurementUnit = "alert level (1-5)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"Level 1\",\"Level 2\",\"Level 3\",\"Level 4\",\"Level 5\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"レベル1\",\"レベル2\",\"レベル3\",\"レベル4\",\"レベル5\"]"
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = "[\"Be aware this is an active volcano\",\"Crater area restriction\",\"Mountain entry restriction\",\"Evacuation preparation\",\"Evacuation\"]"
scale_descriptionJa = "[\"活火山であることに留意\",\"火口周辺規制\",\"入山規制\",\"避難準備\",\"避難\"]"
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "TS001"
slug = "tsunami-warning"
name = "Tsunami (Warning/Advisory)"
description = "A 3-level classification of warnings and advisories based on predicted tsunami height."
category = "tsunami"
measurementUnit = "m (meters)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"Tsunami Advisory\",\"Tsunami Warning\",\"Major Tsunami Warning\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"津波注意報\",\"津波警報\",\"大津波警報\"]"
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = "[\"0.2-1\",\"1-3\",\"3+\"]"
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "W001"
slug = "wind-warning"
name = "Strong Wind (Advisory/Warning)"
description = "Criteria for strong wind advisories and warnings based on wind speed."
category = "wind"
measurementUnit = "m/s"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"Strong Wind Advisory\",\"Storm Warning\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"強風注意報\",\"暴風警報\"]"
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = "[\"15\",\"20\"]"
scale_windSpeedPlains = "[\"20\",\"25\"]"
[[items]]
code = "R001"
slug = "heavy-rain-warning"
name = "Heavy Rain (Advisory/Warning)"
description = "Criteria for heavy rain advisories and warnings based on precipitation."
category = "rain"
measurementUnit = "mm/hour or mm/24hours"
scale = ""
note = "基準は地域によって異なる"
scale_en = ""
scale_ja = ""
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""