TOML
災害の種類と計測 - TOML
日本は世界有数の自然災害多発国であり、地震、台風、洪水、土砂災害、火山噴火、津波など様々な災害が発生します。本データは、これらの災害の種類と、気象庁・消防庁・国土交通省などの機関が定める計測指標(震度・マグニチュード、台風の強さ・大きさ、水位、警戒レベルなど)を体系的に整理したものです。防災対策や災害リスクの理解に役立ちます。
自然災害
防災
気象庁
震度
マグニチュード
台風
洪水
土砂災害
火山噴火
津波
警戒レベル
[[items]]
code = "E001"
slug = "earthquake-intensity"
name = "地震(震度)"
description = "ある地点における地震動の強さを表す指標。0から7の10階級で表される。"
category = "earthquake"
measurementUnit = "seismic intensity scale"
scale = "[\"0\",\"1\",\"2\",\"3\",\"4\",\"5弱\",\"5強\",\"6弱\",\"6強\",\"7\"]"
note = ""
scale_en = ""
scale_ja = ""
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "E002"
slug = "earthquake-magnitude"
name = "地震(マグニチュード)"
description = "地震そのものの規模(エネルギーの大きさ)を表す指標。"
category = "earthquake"
measurementUnit = "M (magnitude scale)"
scale = ""
note = "M8以上の巨大地震ではモーメントマグニチュード(Mw)を使用"
scale_en = ""
scale_ja = ""
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "T001"
slug = "typhoon-strength"
name = "台風(強さ)"
description = "台風の最大風速による強さの分類。4段階で表される。"
category = "typhoon"
measurementUnit = "m/s (meters per second)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"-\",\"Typhoon\",\"Strong\",\"Very Strong\",\"Violent\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"-\",\"台風\",\"強い\",\"非常に強い\",\"猛烈な\"]"
scale_windSpeed = "[\"17-25\",\"25-33\",\"33-44\",\"44-54\",\"54+\"]"
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "T002"
slug = "typhoon-size"
name = "台風(大きさ)"
description = "台風の強風域の半径による大きさの分類。"
category = "typhoon"
measurementUnit = "km (radius)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"-\",\"Large\",\"Very Large\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"-\",\"大型\",\"超大型\"]"
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = "[\"<500\",\"500-800\",\"800+\"]"
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "F001"
slug = "flood-water-level"
name = "洪水(水位)"
description = "河川の水位による洪水リスクの判断指標。"
category = "flood"
measurementUnit = "m (meters above sea level or warning reference)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = ""
scale_ja = ""
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = "[\"計画高水位\",\"氾濫危険水位\",\"避難判断水位\"]"
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "S001"
slug = "sediment-disaster-alert"
name = "土砂災害(警戒レベル)"
description = "土砂災害(土石流・地すべり・崖崩れ)の危険度を示す5段階の警戒レベル。"
category = "sediment"
measurementUnit = "alert level (1-5)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"Level 1\",\"Level 2\",\"Level 3\",\"Level 4\",\"Level 5\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"レベル1\",\"レベル2\",\"レベル3\",\"レベル4\",\"レベル5\"]"
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = "[\"Heighten disaster awareness\",\"Check evacuation actions\",\"Elderly and vulnerable evacuate\",\"Everyone evacuate from danger\",\"Life-threatening, secure safety immediately\"]"
scale_descriptionJa = "[\"災害への心構えを高める\",\"自らの避難行動を確認\",\"高齢者等は避難\",\"危険な場所から全員避難\",\"命の危険 直ちに安全確保\"]"
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "V001"
slug = "volcanic-alert-level"
name = "火山噴火(噴火警戒レベル)"
description = "火山活動の危険度を示す5段階の警戒レベル。2007年12月から運用開始。"
category = "volcano"
measurementUnit = "alert level (1-5)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"Level 1\",\"Level 2\",\"Level 3\",\"Level 4\",\"Level 5\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"レベル1\",\"レベル2\",\"レベル3\",\"レベル4\",\"レベル5\"]"
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = "[\"Be aware this is an active volcano\",\"Crater area restriction\",\"Mountain entry restriction\",\"Evacuation preparation\",\"Evacuation\"]"
scale_descriptionJa = "[\"活火山であることに留意\",\"火口周辺規制\",\"入山規制\",\"避難準備\",\"避難\"]"
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "TS001"
slug = "tsunami-warning"
name = "津波(警報・注意報)"
description = "津波の予想高さによる警報・注意報の3段階分類。"
category = "tsunami"
measurementUnit = "m (meters)"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"Tsunami Advisory\",\"Tsunami Warning\",\"Major Tsunami Warning\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"津波注意報\",\"津波警報\",\"大津波警報\"]"
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = "[\"0.2-1\",\"1-3\",\"3+\"]"
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""
[[items]]
code = "W001"
slug = "wind-warning"
name = "強風(注意報・警報)"
description = "風速による強風注意報・警報の基準。"
category = "wind"
measurementUnit = "m/s"
scale = ""
note = ""
scale_en = "[\"Strong Wind Advisory\",\"Storm Warning\"]"
scale_ja = "[\"強風注意報\",\"暴風警報\"]"
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = "[\"15\",\"20\"]"
scale_windSpeedPlains = "[\"20\",\"25\"]"
[[items]]
code = "R001"
slug = "heavy-rain-warning"
name = "大雨(注意報・警報)"
description = "降水量による大雨注意報・警報の基準。"
category = "rain"
measurementUnit = "mm/hour or mm/24hours"
scale = ""
note = "基準は地域によって異なる"
scale_en = ""
scale_ja = ""
scale_windSpeed = ""
scale_radius = ""
alertLevels = ""
scale_descriptionEn = ""
scale_descriptionJa = ""
scale_height = ""
scale_windSpeedMountains = ""
scale_windSpeedPlains = ""