INI

Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles - INI

A comprehensive guide to eco-friendly electric vehicles including Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV). Covers the differences between vehicle types, charging methods including AC and DC charging, and charging standards such as CHAdeMO and CCS.

electric vehicle EV BEV plug-in hybrid PHEV hybrid vehicle HEV fuel cell vehicle FCEV charging CHAdeMO CCS environment carbon neutral

[item.bev]
code=01
slug=bev
name=Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
description=A fully electric vehicle powered solely by batteries and electric motors.
engine=false
externalCharging=Required
powerSource=Electric only (battery)
typicalRange=200-600 km
chargingTime=
chargingType=
powerOutput=
standard=
bidirectional=
maxOutput=
origin=

[item.phev]
code=02
slug=phev
name=Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV/PHV)
description=A hybrid vehicle that can be externally charged and runs on both electricity and gasoline.
engine=true
externalCharging=Possible (recommended)
powerSource=Electric + Gasoline
typicalRange=EV mode: 50-100 km, Total: 500-1000+ km
chargingTime=
chargingType=
powerOutput=
standard=
bidirectional=
maxOutput=
origin=

[item.hev]
code=03
slug=hev
name=Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV/HV)
description=A vehicle combining a gasoline engine and electric motor, with no external charging required.
engine=true
externalCharging=Not required
powerSource=Gasoline (electric assist)
typicalRange=500-1000 km on full tank
chargingTime=
chargingType=
powerOutput=
standard=
bidirectional=
maxOutput=
origin=

[item.fcev]
code=04
slug=fcev
name=Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV/FCV)
description=A vehicle that generates electricity through a chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.
engine=false
externalCharging=Not required (hydrogen refueling)
powerSource=Hydrogen (fuel cell)
typicalRange=500-700 km
chargingTime=
chargingType=
powerOutput=
standard=
bidirectional=
maxOutput=
origin=

[item.ac-charging]
code=05
slug=ac-charging
name=AC Charging (Level 2)
description=AC charging using household power outlets or dedicated charging equipment.
engine=
externalCharging=
powerSource=
typicalRange=
chargingTime=5-8 hours (full charge)
chargingType=AC
powerOutput=3-6 kW
standard=J1772 (Type 1)
bidirectional=
maxOutput=
origin=

[item.dc-fast-charging]
code=06
slug=dc-fast-charging
name=DC Fast Charging
description=A method that supplies high-voltage DC power directly for rapid charging.
engine=
externalCharging=
powerSource=
typicalRange=
chargingTime=Approx. 30 min for 80% charge
chargingType=DC
powerOutput=50-150 kW (up to 400 kW)
standard=CHAdeMO / CCS
bidirectional=
maxOutput=
origin=

[item.chademo]
code=07
slug=chademo
name=CHAdeMO
description=A Japanese rapid charging standard that enables bidirectional charging (V2H).
engine=
externalCharging=
powerSource=
typicalRange=
chargingTime=
chargingType=DC Fast Charging
powerOutput=
standard=
bidirectional=true
maxOutput=Up to 400 kW
origin=Japan

[item.ccs]
code=08
slug=ccs
name=Combined Charging System (CCS)
description=A European/American standard combining AC and DC charging in one port.
engine=
externalCharging=
powerSource=
typicalRange=
chargingTime=
chargingType=AC/DC Combined
powerOutput=
standard=
bidirectional=false
maxOutput=Up to 350 kW
origin=Europe / North America

[item.nacs]
code=09
slug=nacs
name=North American Charging Standard (NACS)
description=A compact, high-output charging standard developed by Tesla.
engine=
externalCharging=
powerSource=
typicalRange=
chargingTime=
chargingType=AC/DC Combined
powerOutput=
standard=
bidirectional=false
maxOutput=Up to 250 kW
origin=North America (Tesla)

[item.chaoji]
code=10
slug=chaoji
name=ChaoJi
description=A next-generation charging standard jointly developed by Japan and China, supporting up to 900 kW.
engine=
externalCharging=
powerSource=
typicalRange=
chargingTime=
chargingType=DC Fast Charging
powerOutput=
standard=
bidirectional=true
maxOutput=Up to 900 kW
origin=Japan-China Joint