TOML

Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles - TOML

A comprehensive guide to eco-friendly electric vehicles including Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV). Covers the differences between vehicle types, charging methods including AC and DC charging, and charging standards such as CHAdeMO and CCS.

electric vehicle EV BEV plug-in hybrid PHEV hybrid vehicle HEV fuel cell vehicle FCEV charging CHAdeMO CCS environment carbon neutral

[[items]]
code = "01"
slug = "bev"
name = "Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)"
description = "A fully electric vehicle powered solely by batteries and electric motors."
engine = false
externalCharging = "Required"
powerSource = "Electric only (battery)"
typicalRange = "200-600 km"
chargingTime = ""
chargingType = ""
powerOutput = ""
standard = ""
bidirectional = ""
maxOutput = ""
origin = ""

[[items]]
code = "02"
slug = "phev"
name = "Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV/PHV)"
description = "A hybrid vehicle that can be externally charged and runs on both electricity and gasoline."
engine = true
externalCharging = "Possible (recommended)"
powerSource = "Electric + Gasoline"
typicalRange = "EV mode: 50-100 km, Total: 500-1000+ km"
chargingTime = ""
chargingType = ""
powerOutput = ""
standard = ""
bidirectional = ""
maxOutput = ""
origin = ""

[[items]]
code = "03"
slug = "hev"
name = "Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV/HV)"
description = "A vehicle combining a gasoline engine and electric motor, with no external charging required."
engine = true
externalCharging = "Not required"
powerSource = "Gasoline (electric assist)"
typicalRange = "500-1000 km on full tank"
chargingTime = ""
chargingType = ""
powerOutput = ""
standard = ""
bidirectional = ""
maxOutput = ""
origin = ""

[[items]]
code = "04"
slug = "fcev"
name = "Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV/FCV)"
description = "A vehicle that generates electricity through a chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen."
engine = false
externalCharging = "Not required (hydrogen refueling)"
powerSource = "Hydrogen (fuel cell)"
typicalRange = "500-700 km"
chargingTime = ""
chargingType = ""
powerOutput = ""
standard = ""
bidirectional = ""
maxOutput = ""
origin = ""

[[items]]
code = "05"
slug = "ac-charging"
name = "AC Charging (Level 2)"
description = "AC charging using household power outlets or dedicated charging equipment."
engine = ""
externalCharging = ""
powerSource = ""
typicalRange = ""
chargingTime = "5-8 hours (full charge)"
chargingType = "AC"
powerOutput = "3-6 kW"
standard = "J1772 (Type 1)"
bidirectional = ""
maxOutput = ""
origin = ""

[[items]]
code = "06"
slug = "dc-fast-charging"
name = "DC Fast Charging"
description = "A method that supplies high-voltage DC power directly for rapid charging."
engine = ""
externalCharging = ""
powerSource = ""
typicalRange = ""
chargingTime = "Approx. 30 min for 80% charge"
chargingType = "DC"
powerOutput = "50-150 kW (up to 400 kW)"
standard = "CHAdeMO / CCS"
bidirectional = ""
maxOutput = ""
origin = ""

[[items]]
code = "07"
slug = "chademo"
name = "CHAdeMO"
description = "A Japanese rapid charging standard that enables bidirectional charging (V2H)."
engine = ""
externalCharging = ""
powerSource = ""
typicalRange = ""
chargingTime = ""
chargingType = "DC Fast Charging"
powerOutput = ""
standard = ""
bidirectional = true
maxOutput = "Up to 400 kW"
origin = "Japan"

[[items]]
code = "08"
slug = "ccs"
name = "Combined Charging System (CCS)"
description = "A European/American standard combining AC and DC charging in one port."
engine = ""
externalCharging = ""
powerSource = ""
typicalRange = ""
chargingTime = ""
chargingType = "AC/DC Combined"
powerOutput = ""
standard = ""
bidirectional = false
maxOutput = "Up to 350 kW"
origin = "Europe / North America"

[[items]]
code = "09"
slug = "nacs"
name = "North American Charging Standard (NACS)"
description = "A compact, high-output charging standard developed by Tesla."
engine = ""
externalCharging = ""
powerSource = ""
typicalRange = ""
chargingTime = ""
chargingType = "AC/DC Combined"
powerOutput = ""
standard = ""
bidirectional = false
maxOutput = "Up to 250 kW"
origin = "North America (Tesla)"

[[items]]
code = "10"
slug = "chaoji"
name = "ChaoJi"
description = "A next-generation charging standard jointly developed by Japan and China, supporting up to 900 kW."
engine = ""
externalCharging = ""
powerSource = ""
typicalRange = ""
chargingTime = ""
chargingType = "DC Fast Charging"
powerOutput = ""
standard = ""
bidirectional = true
maxOutput = "Up to 900 kW"
origin = "Japan-China Joint"