Structured Lists Directory

INI

International Environmental Treaties - INI

International environmental treaties are legal frameworks established to address global environmental issues. Covering diverse fields such as climate change, biodiversity, marine pollution, ozone layer protection, and hazardous waste, countries cooperate under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to conserve the environment. Many treaties were adopted following the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, and new treaties continue to be developed to address emerging environmental challenges.

environmental treaties international agreements climate change biodiversity global environment United Nations environmental protection 
[item.unfccc]
code=UNFCCC
slug=unfccc
name=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
description=An international framework convention aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations.
adoptedYear=1992
category=Climate Change
enteredIntoForceYear=1994

[item.kyoto-protocol]
code=KYOTO
slug=kyoto-protocol
name=Kyoto Protocol
description=An international treaty that imposed binding emission reduction obligations on developed countries.
adoptedYear=1997
category=Climate Change
enteredIntoForceYear=2005

[item.paris-agreement]
code=PARIS
slug=paris-agreement
name=Paris Agreement
description=An international agreement aiming to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius.
adoptedYear=2015
category=Climate Change
enteredIntoForceYear=2016

[item.convention-on-biological-diversity]
code=CBD
slug=convention-on-biological-diversity
name=Convention on Biological Diversity
description=An international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
adoptedYear=1992
category=Biodiversity
enteredIntoForceYear=1993

[item.cites]
code=CITES
slug=cites
name=Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
description=An international treaty regulating international trade in endangered species.
adoptedYear=1973
category=Wildlife Conservation
enteredIntoForceYear=1975

[item.ramsar-convention]
code=RAMSAR
slug=ramsar-convention
name=Ramsar Convention
description=A convention for the protection of wetlands of international importance and waterbird habitats.
adoptedYear=1971
category=Wetland Conservation
enteredIntoForceYear=1975

[item.montreal-protocol]
code=MONTREAL
slug=montreal-protocol
name=Montreal Protocol
description=An international agreement for the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances.
adoptedYear=1987
category=Ozone Layer Protection
enteredIntoForceYear=1989

[item.basel-convention]
code=BASEL
slug=basel-convention
name=Basel Convention
description=An international treaty controlling transboundary movements of hazardous wastes.
adoptedYear=1989
category=Waste Management
enteredIntoForceYear=1992

[item.stockholm-convention]
code=STOCKHOLM
slug=stockholm-convention
name=Stockholm Convention on POPs
description=An international treaty regulating persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
adoptedYear=2001
category=Chemicals Management
enteredIntoForceYear=2004

[item.minamata-convention]
code=MINAMATA
slug=minamata-convention
name=Minamata Convention on Mercury
description=An international treaty regulating mercury emissions and use.
adoptedYear=2013
category=Chemicals Management
enteredIntoForceYear=2017

[item.unccd]
code=UNCCD
slug=unccd
name=UN Convention to Combat Desertification
description=An international convention to combat severe drought and desertification.
adoptedYear=1994
category=Land and Soil Conservation
enteredIntoForceYear=1996

[item.marpol-convention]
code=MARPOL
slug=marpol-convention
name=MARPOL Convention
description=An international convention for the prevention of marine pollution from ships.
adoptedYear=1973
category=Marine Environment Protection
enteredIntoForceYear=1983

[item.cms-bonn-convention]
code=CMS
slug=cms-bonn-convention
name=Convention on Migratory Species
description=An international convention for the conservation of migratory species of wild animals.
adoptedYear=1979
category=Wildlife Conservation
enteredIntoForceYear=1983

[item.world-heritage-convention]
code=WORLD-HERITAGE
slug=world-heritage-convention
name=World Heritage Convention
description=An international convention for the protection of cultural and natural heritage.
adoptedYear=1972
category=Natural and Cultural Heritage Protection
enteredIntoForceYear=1975

[item.cartagena-protocol]
code=CARTAGENA
slug=cartagena-protocol
name=Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
description=A protocol establishing safe transboundary movement of living modified organisms.
adoptedYear=2000
category=Biodiversity
enteredIntoForceYear=2003

[item.nagoya-protocol]
code=NAGOYA
slug=nagoya-protocol
name=Nagoya Protocol on ABS
description=An international framework on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing.
adoptedYear=2010
category=Biodiversity
enteredIntoForceYear=2014