Health Insurance Systems - CSV

code,slug,name,description,coverageRate,examples,fundingSource,originCountry
01,beveridge-model,Beveridge Model (National Health Service),A healthcare model where the government provides and operates healthcare through tax revenue.,99-100%,"[""UK"",""Spain"",""Sweden"",""Norway"",""New Zealand"",""Cuba"",""Hong Kong""]",General taxation,United Kingdom
02,bismarck-model,Bismarck Model (Social Health Insurance),A social insurance model where employers and employees share insurance premium contributions.,85-99%,"[""Germany"",""Japan"",""France"",""Netherlands"",""Belgium"",""Switzerland""]",Employer and employee contributions (payroll deductions),Germany
03,national-health-insurance-model,National Health Insurance Model,A hybrid model where the government acts as the insurer while private providers deliver services.,99-100%,"[""Canada"",""Taiwan"",""South Korea"",""Australia""]",Government insurance program (taxes or premiums),Canada
04,out-of-pocket-model,Out-of-Pocket Model (Market-Based),A model without an organized system where individuals pay for healthcare directly.,Variable (often <50%),"[""Rural Africa"",""Rural India"",""Rural China"",""Cambodia"",""Burkina Faso""]",Individual direct payment,N/A (Developing countries)
05,japan-employee-insurance,Japan: Employee Health Insurance (Occupational),Japanese health insurance for employees of companies and organizations and their families.,約60%（日本国内）,"[""協会けんぽ"",""健康保険組合"",""共済組合"",""船員保険""]",Equal employer-employee contributions,Japan
06,japan-national-health-insurance,Japan: National Health Insurance (Regional),"Japan's regional health insurance for self-employed, farmers, and non-regular workers.",約27%（日本国内）,"[""市町村国保"",""国民健康保険組合""]","Household premiums (with national, prefectural, and municipal subsidies)",Japan
07,japan-late-stage-elderly,Japan: Late-Stage Elderly Healthcare System,Japanese healthcare system for individuals aged 75 and older.,約16%（75歳以上の全員）,"[""後期高齢者医療広域連合""]",Premiums (with support contributions and public funding),Japan
08,uk-nhs,UK: NHS (National Health Service),The world's largest publicly funded healthcare service established in 1948.,99-100%,"[""NHS England"",""NHS Scotland"",""NHS Wales"",""HSC Northern Ireland""]",General taxation and National Insurance contributions,United Kingdom
09,germany-gkv-pkv,Germany: GKV and PKV Dual System,Germany's healthcare system with coexisting statutory and private health insurance.,99-100%,"[""AOK"",""TK"",""Barmer"",""DAK-Gesundheit (GKV)"",""Allianz"",""AXA (PKV)""]",GKV: payroll deductions (employer-employee split) / PKV: individual premiums,Germany
10,us-mixed-system,USA: Mixed Healthcare System,A complex system with private insurance as the mainstay and government programs for specific populations.,約92%（未加入者約8%）,"[""Medicare"",""Medicaid"",""CHIP"",""VA"",""Employer-sponsored insurance"",""ACA Marketplace""]","Private premiums, government tax revenue, individual payments",United States
11,singapore-medisave,Singapore: Medisave System,A unique healthcare financing system centered on personal savings accounts.,100%（Medishield Lifeは強制）,"[""Medisave"",""Medishield Life"",""Medifund"",""Integrated Shield Plans""]","Personal savings (CPF), insurance premiums, government funds",Singapore
12,france-universal,France: Universal Health Coverage,France's social insurance system renowned for world's highest healthcare access.,99-100%,"[""CPAM"",""CMU-C"",""mutuelle""]","Social insurance contributions (payroll), general taxation",France
13,canada-medicare,Canada: Medicare System,A single-payer public health insurance system operated by provincial governments.,99-100%,"[""OHIP (Ontario)"",""MSP (British Columbia)"",""RAMQ (Quebec)"",""AHCIP (Alberta)""]",Provincial taxes and federal transfers,Canada
14,taiwan-nhi,Taiwan: National Health Insurance (NHI),An efficient single-insurer healthcare system introduced in 1995.,99%以上,"[""National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA)""]","Premiums (employer-employee split for workers), government subsidies, tobacco taxes",Taiwan
15,south-korea-nhis,South Korea: National Health Insurance,A system introduced in 1977 that achieved universal coverage by 1989.,99-100%,"[""National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)"",""Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA)""]","Premiums (employer-employee split for workers), government subsidies",South Korea
16,australia-medicare,Australia: Medicare,A public health insurance scheme introduced in 1984.,99-100%,"[""Medicare"",""Medicare Levy Surcharge"",""Private Health Insurance Rebate""]",General taxation (Medicare levy),Australia
17,netherlands-mandatory,Netherlands: Mandatory Private Insurance,A mandatory private insurance system introduced in 2006.,99-100%,"[""Zorgverzekeringswet (Zvw)"",""Zorginstituut Nederland""]","Individual premiums, income-related premiums, government subsidies",Netherlands
18,switzerland-mandatory,Switzerland: Mandatory Health Insurance,A mandatory private insurance system introduced in 1996.,99-100%,"[""KVG/LAMal"",""Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH)""]","Individual premiums, cantonal subsidies",Switzerland
19,sweden-regional,Sweden: Regional Public System,A tax-funded public healthcare system operated by regional governments.,99-100%,"[""Region Stockholm"",""Region Skane"",""Vastra Gotalandsregionen""]","County and municipal taxes, national subsidies",Sweden
20,private-supplementary,Private Health Insurance (Supplementary),Private health insurance that supplements public health insurance.,各国・各制度により異なる,"[""Cancer insurance"",""Advanced medical care riders"",""Private hospital rooms"",""International health insurance""]",Individual premiums,Various countries