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LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes)

LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) is an international standard code system for identifying clinical laboratory tests and healthcare observations. Developed by the Regenstrief Institute in the United States in 1994, it is now used in over 172 countries and adopted as a national standard in more than 15 countries. LOINC consists of two major divisions: Laboratory LOINC (specimen-based tests) and Clinical LOINC (clinical observations). By structuring test items using six axes - Component, Property, Time, System, Scale, and Method - LOINC enables accurate data exchange between healthcare institutions worldwide.

LOINC clinical laboratory healthcare standards HL7 FHIR test codes health data exchange Regenstrief Institute
code slug name description category
CHEM chemistry Chemistry Clinical chemistry tests including electrolytes, enzymes, hormones, metabolites, proteins, lipids, and therapeutic drug monitoring. Laboratory
HEM/BC hematology-blood-counts Hematology/Blood Counts Hematology tests including blood cell counts, coagulation studies, blood cell morphology, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet counts. Laboratory
MICRO microbiology Microbiology Microbiology tests including bacterial cultures, viral studies, fungal cultures, parasitology, organism identification, and susceptibility testing. Laboratory
SERO serology Serology Serological tests including antibody detection assays, immunological tests, and viral serology (HIV, Hepatitis, etc.). Laboratory
UA urinalysis Urinalysis Urinalysis tests including urine chemistry, urine microscopy, and urine culture. Laboratory
DRUG/TOX drug-toxicology Drug/Toxicology Drug and toxicology tests including drug screening, toxicology panels, and substance abuse testing. Laboratory
ABXBACT antibiotic-susceptibility Antibiotic Susceptibility Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bacteria. Laboratory
CELLMARKER cell-markers Cell Markers Cell surface markers, flow cytometry, and immunophenotyping tests. Laboratory
MOLPATH molecular-pathology Molecular Pathology Molecular genetic tests including gene mutations, gene amplifications, and chromosomal translocations. Laboratory
VITALS vital-signs Vital Signs Vital signs including body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate. Clinical
EKG electrocardiogram Electrocardiogram Recording of the heart's electrical activity through electrocardiogram testing. Clinical
IMAGING imaging-studies Imaging Studies Diagnostic imaging tests including X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound. Clinical
SURVEY survey-instruments Survey Instruments Standardized assessment scales such as Glasgow Coma Scale, PHQ-9, and functional status assessments. Clinical
DOC clinical-documents Clinical Documents Healthcare documents including discharge summaries, clinical notes, and pathology reports. Clinical

An international standard identifier system for clinical laboratory tests and healthcare observations.