ノーベル賞受賞者 - JSON

[
  {
    "code": "PHYSICS",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-physics",
    "name": "ノーベル物理学賞",
    "description": "物理学分野で最も重要な発見または発明を成した人物に授与される賞です。",
    "establishedYear": 1901,
    "totalAwards": 119,
    "totalLaureates": 230,
    "uniqueIndividuals": 229,
    "awardingInstitution": "スウェーデン王立科学アカデミー",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "John Clarke",
          "Michel H. Devoret",
          "John M. Martinis"
        ],
        "citation": "for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "John J. Hopfield",
          "Geoffrey Hinton"
        ],
        "citation": "for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Pierre Agostini",
          "Ferenc Krausz",
          "Anne L'Huillier"
        ],
        "citation": "for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Alain Aspect",
          "John Clauser",
          "Anton Zeilinger"
        ],
        "citation": "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "Syukuro Manabe",
          "Klaus Hasselmann",
          "Giorgio Parisi"
        ],
        "citation": "for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "CHEMISTRY",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-chemistry",
    "name": "ノーベル化学賞",
    "description": "化学分野で最も重要な発見または改良を成した人物に授与される賞です。",
    "establishedYear": 1901,
    "totalAwards": 117,
    "totalLaureates": 200,
    "uniqueIndividuals": 198,
    "awardingInstitution": "スウェーデン王立科学アカデミー",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "Susumu Kitagawa",
          "Richard Robson",
          "Omar M. Yaghi"
        ],
        "citation": "for the development of metal-organic frameworks"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "David Baker",
          "Demis Hassabis",
          "John Jumper"
        ],
        "citation": "for computational protein design and protein structure prediction"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Moungi Bawendi",
          "Louis Brus",
          "Aleksey Yekimov"
        ],
        "citation": "for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Carolyn Bertozzi",
          "Morten Meldal",
          "K. Barry Sharpless"
        ],
        "citation": "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "Benjamin List",
          "David W.C. MacMillan"
        ],
        "citation": "for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "MEDICINE",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-medicine",
    "name": "ノーベル生理学・医学賞",
    "description": "生理学または医学の分野で最も重要な発見を成した人物に授与される賞です。",
    "establishedYear": 1901,
    "totalAwards": 116,
    "totalLaureates": 232,
    "uniqueIndividuals": 229,
    "awardingInstitution": "カロリンスカ研究所ノーベル委員会",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "Mary E. Brunkow",
          "Fred Ramsdell",
          "Shimon Sakaguchi"
        ],
        "citation": "for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "Victor Ambros",
          "Gary Ruvkun"
        ],
        "citation": "for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Katalin Karikó",
          "Drew Weissman"
        ],
        "citation": "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Svante Pääbo"
        ],
        "citation": "for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "David Julius",
          "Ardem Patapoutian"
        ],
        "citation": "for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "LITERATURE",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-literature",
    "name": "ノーベル文学賞",
    "description": "文学の分野で理想的な傾向をもって最も優れた作品を創作した人物に授与される賞です。",
    "establishedYear": 1901,
    "totalAwards": 118,
    "totalLaureates": 122,
    "uniqueIndividuals": 122,
    "awardingInstitution": "スウェーデン・アカデミー",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "László Krasznahorkai"
        ],
        "citation": "for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "Han Kang"
        ],
        "citation": "for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Jon Fosse"
        ],
        "citation": "for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Annie Ernaux"
        ],
        "citation": "for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "Abdulrazak Gurnah"
        ],
        "citation": "for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "PEACE",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-peace",
    "name": "ノーベル平和賞",
    "description": "国際的な親善・平和の増進に最も貢献した人物または組織に授与される賞です。",
    "establishedYear": 1901,
    "totalAwards": 106,
    "totalLaureates": 143,
    "individualLaureates": 112,
    "organizationLaureates": 31,
    "awardingInstitution": "ノルウェー・ノーベル委員会",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "Maria Corina Machado"
        ],
        "citation": "for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "Nihon Hidankyo"
        ],
        "citation": "for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Narges Mohammadi"
        ],
        "citation": "for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Ales Bialiatski",
          "Memorial",
          "Center for Civil Liberties"
        ],
        "citation": "for representing civil society and promoting the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "Maria Ressa",
          "Dmitry Muratov"
        ],
        "citation": "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "ECONOMICS",
    "slug": "nobel-prize-economic-sciences",
    "name": "ノーベル経済学賞",
    "description": "経済科学の分野で傑出した貢献を成した人物に授与される賞です。",
    "establishedYear": 1969,
    "totalAwards": 57,
    "totalLaureates": 99,
    "uniqueIndividuals": 99,
    "awardingInstitution": "スウェーデン王立科学アカデミー",
    "recentLaureates": [
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "laureates": [
          "Joel Mokyr",
          "Philippe Aghion",
          "Peter Howitt"
        ],
        "citation": "for having explained innovation-driven economic growth and the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "laureates": [
          "Daron Acemoglu",
          "Simon Johnson",
          "James A. Robinson"
        ],
        "citation": "for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "laureates": [
          "Claudia Goldin"
        ],
        "citation": "for having advanced our understanding of women's labour market outcomes"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "laureates": [
          "Ben Bernanke",
          "Douglas Diamond",
          "Philip Dybvig"
        ],
        "citation": "for research on banks and financial crises"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "laureates": [
          "David Card",
          "Joshua D. Angrist",
          "Guido W. Imbens"
        ],
        "citation": "for their empirical contributions to labour economics and methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships"
      }
    ]
  }
]